Abstract: A radiometric measuring apparatus detects a measured variable in the form of a fill level, a point level, a density and/or a mass flow, and includes a scintillator embodied to generate light pulses upon excitation by ionizing radiation, an optoelectronic sensor embodied to convert the light pulses into a sensor signal, a first signal processing unit embodied to process the sensor signal into a first measured variable signal, an adjustable second signal processing unit embodied in a measurement setting to process the sensor signal into a second measured variable signal, wherein the second measured variable signal corresponds to the first measured variable signal in the case of a correctly processing first signal processing unit and a correctly processing second signal processing unit, and embodied in at least one operation setting to process the sensor signal into at least one operating variable signal, wherein the at least one operating variable signal does not correspond to the measured variable signals, a s

Abstract: A radiometric measuring device has a counting tube having an anode and a cathode, and is configured to determine a measurement variable depending on properties of ionizing radiation that impinges on the counting tube. In a first measurement mode, a constant first voltage is set between anode and cathode such that the counting tube operates as a proportional counting tube, and the measurement variable is determined depending on a current flowing between anode and cathode. In a second measurement mode, the current flowing between anode and cathode is controlled to a current setpoint value, wherein the voltage between anode and cathode serves as a manipulated variable of the current control, and the measurement variable is determined depending on the voltage between anode and cathode.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring ionizing radiation includes a detector having a cathode, an anode, a counting gas between the cathode and the anode for generating gas ionization by ionizing radiation, a voltage source for applying a voltage between the cathode and the anode, and a current measuring device for measuring a detector current between the cathode and the anode. The detector current is generated in the counting gas by the ionizing radiation. The apparatus further includes a setting device, wherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different operating modes depending on the measured detector current, and/or wherein the setting device is configured for independently setting the apparatus into different measurement ranges depending on the measured detector current.

Abstract: A radiometric measuring apparatus detects a measured variable in the form of a fill level, a point level, a density and/or a mass flow, and includes a scintillator embodied to generate light pulses upon excitation by ionizing radiation, an optoelectronic sensor embodied to convert the light pulses into a sensor signal, a first signal processing unit embodied to process the sensor signal into a first measured variable signal, an adjustable second signal processing unit embodied in a measurement setting to process the sensor signal into a second measured variable signal, wherein the second measured variable signal corresponds to the first measured variable signal in the case of a correctly processing first signal processing unit and a correctly processing second signal processing unit, and embodied in at least one operation setting to process the sensor signal into at least one operating variable signal, wherein the at least one operating variable signal does not correspond to the measured variable signals, a s

Abstract: A module system for a radiometric measuring device includes a basic module having a sensor arrangement designed to generate a measurement signal on the basis of radiation which strikes the sensor arrangement, a signal evaluation unit electrically coupled to the sensor arrangement and being designed to determine a measurement variable on the basis of the measurement signal, a control device interface, wherein the basic module is coupleable to at least one control device by the control device interface for interchanging data, the basic module being supplied with electrical energy solely via its control device interface in a basic operating state, and an expansion module interface.

Abstract: A radiometric detector is provided for detecting a measurement variable. The detector is particularly failsafe with, simultaneously, a simple, space-saving and cost-effective design, without having losses in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A radiometric measuring device includes a scintillator, at least one semiconductor photodiode, wherein the at least one semiconductor photodiode is optically coupled to the scintillator, a signal evaluation unit which is electrically coupled to the at least one semiconductor photodiode and is designed to determine a measurement variable on the basis of a measurement signal produced by way of the at least one semiconductor photodiode, and an interface. The radiometric measuring device can be coupled to at least one receiver by way of the interface for the purpose of interchanging data. The radiometric measuring device is designed to be supplied with electrical energy solely via the interface thereof.

Abstract: A module system for a radiometric measuring device includes a basic module having a sensor arrangement designed to generate a measurement signal on the basis of radiation which strikes the sensor arrangement, a signal evaluation unit electrically coupled to the sensor arrangement and being designed to determine a measurement variable on the basis of the measurement signal, a control device interface, wherein the basic module is coupleable to at least one control device by the control device interface for interchanging data, the basic module being supplied with electrical energy solely via its control device interface in a basic operating state, and an expansion module interface.

Abstract: A radiometric detector is provided for detecting a measurement variable. The detector is particularly failsafe with, simultaneously, a simple, space-saving and cost-effective design, without having losses in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A radiometric measuring device includes a scintillator, at least one semiconductor photodiode, wherein the at least one semiconductor photodiode is optically coupled to the scintillator, a signal evaluation unit which is electrically coupled to the at least one semiconductor photodiode and is designed to determine a measurement variable on the basis of a measurement signal produced by way of the at least one semiconductor photodiode, and an interface. The radiometric measuring device can be coupled to at least one receiver by way of the interface for the purpose of interchanging data. The radiometric measuring device is designed to be supplied with electrical energy solely via the interface thereof.

Abstract: A radiometric detector is provided for detecting a measurement variable. The detector is particularly failsafe with, simultaneously, a simple, space-saving and cost-effective design, without having losses in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A radiometric detector is provided for detecting a measurement variable. The detector is particularly failsafe with, simultaneously, a simple, space-saving and cost-effective design, without having losses in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A method of minimizing the orientation dependence of an automatic drift compensation of a scintillation counter having a rod-shaped scintillator is provided. The cosmic radiation energy spectrum is analyzed above a predefined energy threshold value for the automatic drift compensation. A counting rate of particles having an energy deposition in the scintillator greater than an energy threshold value is controlled to a constant desired counting rate value. The method determines a first integral energy spectrum of the cosmic radiation while the scintillator is upright, and a second integral energy spectrum while the scintillator is in a horizontal position. An intersection point of the first and second integral energy spectrums is detected, and the energy threshold value of the drift compensation is set to the energy threshold value pertaining to the intersection point and the desired counting rate value is set to the counting rate pertaining to the intersection point.

Abstract: A device for monitoring an automatic drift compensation of a scintillation counter may include a drift compensation monitoring unit which is designed to evaluate a counting rate caused by a monitoring radiation source for the purpose of monitoring the automatic drift compensation.

Abstract: A method of minimizing the orientation dependence of an automatic drift compensation of a scintillation counter having a rod-shaped scintillator is provided. The cosmic radiation energy spectrum is analyzed above a predefined energy threshold value for the automatic drift compensation. A counting rate of particles having an energy deposition in the scintillator greater than an energy threshold value is controlled to a constant desired counting rate value. The method determines a first integral energy spectrum of the cosmic radiation while the scintillator is upright, and a second integral energy spectrum while the scintillator is in a horizontal position. An intersection point of the first and second integral energy spectrums is detected, and the energy threshold value of the drift compensation is set to the energy threshold value pertaining to the intersection point and the desired counting rate value is set to the counting rate pertaining to the intersection point.

Abstract: In a circuit for safe forwarding of a physical or technical variable between at least two systems in communication with one another, which variable is represented by the value of a loop current (Is), which is adjusted by a control unit (11) by means of a current output circuit (13) in a current loop (20, 60), the current output circuit (13) has at least two parallel-connected final control elements (131, 132), controllable by the control circuit (11), as current sources for mutually independent adjustment of a value of the loop current (Is). The final control elements (131, 132) are in series with at least two likewise series-connected measurement resistors (133a, 133b).

Abstract: A device for monitoring an automatic drift compensation of a scintillation counter may include a drift compensation monitoring unit which is designed to evaluate a counting rate caused by a monitoring radiation source for the purpose of monitoring the automatic drift compensation.

Abstract: A system for measuring ionizing radiation with a scintillator incorporates a first assembly of at least two rod-shaped scintillator elements, which can be optically coupled to one another via their opposed face ends. The first assembly of scintillator elements is coaxially enclosed by a second assembly of interconnectable sheath elements. According to the invention, one scintillator element (11), one sheath element (12) and two face-end window elements (131, 132) form a scintillator module (10) in each case, which is optically and mechanically connectable to additional scintillator modules. The individual scintillator elements can thus be produced as encapsulated scintillator modules by means of “suitable” sheath elements and window elements. This provides for a simple and reliable manipulation and assembly of the measuring assembly at the site of its application.

Abstract: A system for measuring ionizing radiation with a scintillator incorporates a first assembly of at least two rod-shaped scintillator elements, which can be optically coupled to one another via their opposed face ends. The first assembly of scintillator elements is coaxially enclosed by a second assembly of interconnectable sheath elements. According to the invention, one scintillator element (11), one sheath element (12) and two face-end window elements (131, 132) form a scintillator module (10) in each case, which is optically and mechanically connectable to additional scintillator modules. The individual scintillator elements can thus be produced as encapsulated scintillator modules by means of “suitable” sheath elements and window elements. This provides for a simple and reliable manipulation and assembly of the measuring assembly at the site of its application.

Abstract: In a circuit for safe forwarding of a physical or technical variable between at least two systems in communication with one another, which variable is represented by the value of a loop current (Is), which is adjusted by a control unit (11) by means of a current output circuit (13) in a current loop (20, 60), the current output circuit (13) has at least two parallel-connected final control elements (131, 132), controllable by the control circuit (11), as current sources for mutually independent adjustment of a value of the loop current (Is). The final control elements (131, 132) are in series with at least two likewise series-connected measurement resistors (133a, 133b).