Patents by Inventor F. Keith Perkins
F. Keith Perkins has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11841338Abstract: Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 2020Date of Patent: December 12, 2023Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Patent number: 11789004Abstract: A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of an analyte. The method includes patterning graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the patterned graphene and attaching nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to an analyte in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in electrical response when sulfur is present in the analyte; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related sulfur detector.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2021Date of Patent: October 17, 2023Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Evgeniya H. Lock, F. Keith Perkins, Anthony K. Boyd, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, David Kurt Gaskill, Anindya Nath
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Publication number: 20210231633Abstract: A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of an analyte. The method includes patterning graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the patterned graphene and attaching nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to an analyte in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in electrical response when sulfur is present in the analyte; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related sulfur detector.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 12, 2021Publication date: July 29, 2021Inventors: Evgeniya H. Lock, F. Keith Perkins, Anthony K. Boyd, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, David Kurt Gaskill, Anindya Nath
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Patent number: 10976297Abstract: A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of fuel. The method includes etching graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the etched graphene and attaching metal oxide nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to a fuel in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in conductivity when sulfur is present in the fuel; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related in-line graphene-based ppb level sulfur detector for fuels.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 2018Date of Patent: April 13, 2021Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Evgeniya H. Lock, F. Keith Perkins, Anthony K. Boyd, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, David Kurt Gaskill, Anindya Nath
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Publication number: 20210080419Abstract: Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 25, 2020Publication date: March 18, 2021Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Patent number: 10801987Abstract: Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.Type: GrantFiled: July 18, 2017Date of Patent: October 13, 2020Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Publication number: 20190389727Abstract: A method of forming a carbon microtube includes providing a wire substrate in a heated furnace, contacting a surface of the wire substrate in the heated furnace with a reducing gas, forming a carbon microtube on the wire substrate by chemical vapor deposition of a carbon precursor in the heated furnace, and removing the carbon microtube, on the wire substrate, from the furnace.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 21, 2019Publication date: December 26, 2019Inventors: F. Keith Perkins, Ignacio Perez De Leon, Paul M. Campbell, Adam L. Friedman, Erin Cleveland
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Patent number: 10466190Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing chemielectric point-sensor systems with increased sensitivity and increased selectivity. The chemielectric sensor system includes a sensor/heater assembly, where the sensor is a chemielectric sensor whose resistance or capacitance changes upon exposure to chemical analytes. The heater functionality applies a programmed sequence of one or more thermal pulses to the sensor to quickly raise its temperature. After each thermal pulse ends the change in resistivity of the sensor is measured. Such data as a function of the pulse time and temperature are recorded and analyzed to determine the chemical composition (selectivity) and concentrations in the ambient vapor by comparison to a library dataset. The sensor operation with fast thermal pulses also allows operation at higher frequencies where the noise is lower and hence sensitivity is improved.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 2018Date of Patent: November 5, 2019Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Mario Ancona, F. Keith Perkins, Arthur W. Snow
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Patent number: 10436744Abstract: A method of making a low dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising providing a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide, applying the monolayer to a substrate, applying a PMMA film, defining trenches, and placing the device in a n-butyl lithium (nbl) bath. A low dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide, the monolayer applied to a substrate, a region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with n-butyl lithium, the region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with n-butyl lithium have transitioned from a semiconducting to metallic phase, metal contacts on the region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with the n-butyl lithium.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2017Date of Patent: October 8, 2019Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Publication number: 20190107524Abstract: A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of fuel. The method includes etching graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the etched graphene and attaching metal oxide nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to a fuel in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in conductivity when sulfur is present in the fuel; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related in-line graphene-based ppb level sulfur detector for fuels.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 20, 2018Publication date: April 11, 2019Inventors: Evgeniya H. Lock, F. Keith Perkins, Anthony K. Boyd, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, David Kurt Gaskill, Anindya Nath
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Publication number: 20180024085Abstract: Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 18, 2017Publication date: January 25, 2018Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Publication number: 20170299544Abstract: A method of making a low dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising providing a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide, applying the monolayer to a substrate, applying a PMMA film, defining trenches, and placing the device in a n-butyl lithium (nbl) bath. A low dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide, the monolayer applied to a substrate, a region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with n-butyl lithium, the region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with n-butyl lithium have transitioned from a semiconducting to metallic phase, metal contacts on the region or regions of the transition metal dichalcogenide that have been treated with the n-butyl lithium.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 4, 2017Publication date: October 19, 2017Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, James C. Culbertson, Aubrey T. Hanbicki, Paul M. Campbell
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Patent number: 9157842Abstract: A molecular concentrator comprising a thermal ratchet for driving molecules from one place to another. A plurality of linear, two-dimensional, and/or three-dimensional arrangements of heater structures are arranged on or suspended above a substrate. Each of the heater structures is configured to strongly sorb a vapor of interest when the heater structure is at room temperature and to rapidly desorb the vapor when the heater structure is at an elevated temperature. The vapor sorption of the individual heater structures is made selective by surface treatments, by monomolecular film depositions or by thicker absorbent polymer depositions. By selectively heating and cooling the heater structures, vapor molecules incident on the heater structures can be directed in a desired manner, e.g., from heater structures closest to a vapor-containing environment to a sensor.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 2015Date of Patent: October 13, 2015Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Mario Ancona, Arthur W. Snow, F. Keith Perkins
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Patent number: 9063063Abstract: A method of making a low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising exfoliating MoS2, applying the monolayer flakes of MoS2 onto a SiO2/Si wafer, applying a methylmethacrylate (MMA)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film, defining trenches for the deposition of metal contacts, and depositing one of Ti/Au, Au, and Pt in the trench and resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising monolayer flakes of MoS2, trenches in the SiO2/Si wafer, metal contacts in the trenches, and thereby resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A full spectrum sensing suite comprising similarly fabricated parallel sensors made from a variety of low-dimensional materials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, MoS2, BN, and the family of transition metal dichalcogenides. The sensing suites are small, robust, sensitive, low-power, inexpensive, and fast in their response to chemical vapor analytes.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2013Date of Patent: June 23, 2015Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, Enrique Cobas, Paul M Campbell, Glenn G. Jernigan, Berend T Jonker
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Patent number: 8986615Abstract: A molecular concentrator comprising a thermal ratchet for driving molecules from one place to another. A plurality of conducting wires are arranged on or suspended above a substrate. Each of the wires is configured to strongly sorb a vapor of interest when the wire is at room temperature and to rapidly desorb the vapor when the wire is at an elevated temperature. By selectively heating and cooling the wires, vapor molecules incident on the wires can be directed in a desired manner, e.g., from the wires closest to the vapor-containing environment to a sensor.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 2014Date of Patent: March 24, 2015Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Mario Ancona, Arthur W. Snow, F. Keith Perkins
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Publication number: 20140273259Abstract: A method of making a low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising exfoliating MoS2, applying the monolayer flakes of MoS2 onto a SiO2/Si wafer, applying a methylmethacrylate (MMA)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film, defining trenches for the deposition of metal contacts, and depositing one of Ti/Au, Au, and Pt in the trench and resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising monolayer flakes of MoS2, trenches in the SiO2/Si wafer, metal contacts in the trenches, and thereby resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A full spectrum sensing suite comprising similarly fabricated parallel sensors made from a variety of low-dimensional materials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, MoS2, BN, and the family of transition metal dichalcogenides. The sensing suites are small, robust, sensitive, low-power, inexpensive, and fast in their response to chemical vapor analytes.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 8, 2013Publication date: September 18, 2014Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Adam L. Friedman, F. Keith Perkins, Enrique Cobas, Paul M. Campbell, Glenn G. Jernigan, Berend T. Jonker
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Patent number: 8728293Abstract: A method of immersing an electrode in an electroplating solution while under vacuum, to substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. A method of electroplating an electrode in an electroplating solution including the application of a vacuum to the electrode while it is immersed in the electroplating solution to thereby substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. The electroplating liquid may be applied to only one side of the electrode (“the wet side”) in which case, sufficient time is allowed to pass for the immersion liquid to fill the microscopic through-holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. An enhancement of this mode is to force liquid through the microscopic holes from the wet side. A highly penetrating solvent may be used as an immersion liquid.Type: GrantFiled: February 8, 2013Date of Patent: May 20, 2014Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Naval Research LaboratoryInventors: F. Keith Perkins, Perry Skeath, Lee James Johnson, John R Peele, William Bassett
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Patent number: 8404095Abstract: A method of immersing an electrode in an electroplating solution while under vacuum, to substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. A method of electroplating an electrode in an electroplating solution including the application of a vacuum to the electrode while it is immersed in the electroplating solution to thereby substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. The electroplating liquid may be applied to only one side of the electrode (“the wet side”) in which case, sufficient time is allowed to pass for the immersion liquid to fill the microscopic through-holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. An enhancement of this mode is to force liquid through the microscopic holes from the wet side. A highly penetrating solvent may be used as an immersion liquid.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 2009Date of Patent: March 26, 2013Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: F. Keith Perkins, Perry Skeath, Lee Johnson, John Peele, William Bassett
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Publication number: 20100300887Abstract: A method of immersing an electrode in an electroplating solution while under vacuum, to substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. A method of electroplating an electrode in an electroplating solution including the application of a vacuum to the electrode while it is immersed in the electroplating solution to thereby substantially eliminate air and/or other gas from microscopic holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. The electroplating liquid may be applied to only one side of the electrode (“the wet side”) in which case, sufficient time is allowed to pass for the immersion liquid to fill the microscopic through-holes, cavities or indentations in the electrode. An enhancement of this mode is to force liquid through the microscopic holes from the wet side. A highly penetrating solvent may be used as an immersion liquid.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 2, 2009Publication date: December 2, 2010Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Perry Skeath, F. Keith Perkins, Lee James Johnson, John R. Peele, William Bassett
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Patent number: 7776269Abstract: A sensing device having: a bottom electrode, a dielectric on the bottom electrode, a grid of nanoelectrodes on the dielectric, and a top electrode in electrical contact with the grid. A method of chemical or biological sensing comprising: providing a grid of nanoelectrodes; exposing the grid to fluid suspected of containing a chemical or biological analyte; and measuring a change in the capacitance and conductance of the grid.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 2005Date of Patent: August 17, 2010Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Eric S. Snow, F. Keith Perkins, Eric Houser, Stan V. Stepnowski, R. Andrew McGill