Abstract: A method and an apparatus for heating a roller used in the production and/or finishing of a web of material, particularly a paper web or paperboard web, are provided. According to the method, a roller is heated from the outside by a heated gas. The apparatus is configured to heat a roller used in the production and/or finishing of a web of material according to the method.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for heating a roller used in the production and/or finishing of a web of material, particularly a paper web or paperboard web, are provided. According to the method, a roller is heated from the outside by a heated gas. The apparatus is configured to heat a roller used in the production and/or finishing of a web of material according to the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating process heat and/or electrical energy for a machine used in the production and/or finishing of a web of fibrous material are provided. The fibrous material can be a paper web or paperboard web, and gas having a highest possible proportion of hydrogen is generated from the waste products resulting during the production and/or finishing of the web of fibrous material. This hydrogen-rich gas is used for generating the necessary process heat and/or the necessary electrical energy.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas generating system for generating a hydrogen-rich product gas by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming includes operating a reactor approximately adiabatically. The ratio of the mole flow O2/mole flow C-atomsfuel (O2/C ratio) is controlled on the basis of the temperature of the educts and of the reaction temperature. For adjusting and maintaining an optimal O2/C ratio with respect to a high hydrogen yield, approximately an O2/C ratio corresponding of the present educt temperatures is adjusted and is corrected on the basis of the deviation of the reaction temperature from a desired reaction temperature. The O2/C ratio is then adjusted by controlling the oxygen-containing educt or the hydrocarbon-containing educt.

Abstract: A method serves for starting a reactor, particularly a reformer, in a gas-generating system of a fuel cell installation at a temperature, which is far below the operating temperature of the gas generating system. A hydrocarbon is reacted for generating thermal energy for heating the reactor. At least a portion of the waste gases of the reacted hydrocarbon flows into the reactor. As the reactor temperature increases, an increasing flow of at least one educt, which is to be reacted in the reactor, is introduced and evaporated at least partly in the at least one portion of the waste gases, which flows into the reactor.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas generating system for generating a hydrogen-rich product gas by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming includes operating a reactor approximately adiabatically. The ratio of the mole flow O2/mole flow C-atomsfuel (O2/C ratio) is controlled on the basis of the temperature of the educts and of the reaction temperature. For adjusting and maintaining an optimal O2/C ratio with respect to a high hydrogen yield, approximately an O2/C ratio corresponding of the present educt temperatures is adjusted and is corrected on the basis of the deviation of the reaction temperature from a desired reaction temperature. The O2/C ratio is then adjusted by controlling the oxygen-containing educt or the hydrocarbon-containing educt.