Abstract: The invention relates to an encapsulated optoelectronic component having a housing and at least one optoelectronic component, which is arranged in a cavity which is formed by a main element and is covered on an upper side by a cover element, and therefore the optoelectronic component is arranged between the cover element and the main elements and the main element forms side walls which laterally enclose the cavity. A one-part plate element with at least one tongue-shaped deflecting element is arranged between the cover element and the main element in such a way that, in the cavity, the deflecting element is arranged with at least one optical surface by which electromagnetic radiation emitted or received by the optoelectronic component can be deflected. The invention also relates to at least one wafer with deflecting elements, to a composite assembly of encapsulated optoelectronic components and to a method for the production thereof.

Abstract: A substrate composed of hard brittle material, the substrate including: a cavity on at least one side surface of the substrate, the cavity including a side wall, the cavity further including a bottom surface having a structure having a plurality of substantially hemispherical depressions.

Abstract: Devices and methods for processing a workpiece along a predetermined processing line are provided. The device includes: a pulsed, polychromatic laser beam generator; an optical arrangement; and a moving device. The laser beam generator generates a laser beam along a beam direction. The optical arrangement generates a focal line along the beam direction. The optical arrangement has a chromatic aberration for wavelength-dependent focusing of the laser beam and a filter for wavelength-dependent filtering of the laser beam. The moving device generates relative movement between the laser beam and the workpiece along the predetermined processing line.

Abstract: A method for producing a cavity in a substrate composed of hard brittle material is provided. A laser beam of an ultrashort pulse laser is directed a side surface of the substrate and is concentrated by a focusing optical unit to form an elongated focus in the substrate. Incident energy of the laser beam produces a filament-shaped flaw in a volume of the substrate. The filament-shaped flaw extends into the volume to a predetermined depth and does not pass through the substrate. To produce the filament-shaped flaw, the ultrashort pulse laser radiates in a pulse or a pulse packet having at least two successive laser pulses. After at least two filament-shaped flaws are introduced, the substrate is exposed to an etching medium which removes material of the substrate and widens the at least two filament-shaped flaws to form filaments. At least two filaments are connected to form a cavity.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a training method for training a system for de-noising images, which comprises an input-interface and a number of trainable bilateral filters designed and arranged for filtering an image provided by the input interface. The training method includes providing a plurality of training images as input for the system, providing a number of noise maps indicating the standard deviation of the noise for every pixel of a training image, training the number of bilateral filters being based on the training images and the number of noise maps, and calculating analytical gradients of a loss function with respect to filter parameters of the system. At least one of the loss functions is based on Stein's unbiased risk estimator.

Abstract: A filter device for treating fluids, in particular for filtering fluids such as fuel, oil, or water, has a housing (56) with a housing pot (58), a housing cover (60), at least one inlet (88) for the fluid to be treated, and at least one outlet (82) for the treated fluid. A connecting head (12) has at least one feed (16) for the fluid to be treated and connectable to the at least one inlet (88), and/or at least one discharge (18). The connecting head (12) and the treatment element (14) can be connected to each other by means of a releasable bayonet-type connecting device (34) through the execution of a rotational/plug-in movement about a connecting axis (20) of the treatment device (10).

Abstract: A method for separating a portion from a sheet glass element having a thickness of at least 2 millimeters along an intended separation line that divides the sheet glass element into the portion and a remaining main part is provided. The method includes producing filamentary damages comprising sub-micrometer hollow channels in a volume of the glass sheet element adjacently aligned along the separation line; and heating and/or cooling the glass sheet element to cause expansion and/or contraction so that the portion detaches from the main part along the separation line. The portion and the remaining main part each remain intact as a whole. The step of producing the filamentary damages includes generating a plasma within the volume with laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser; and displacing points of incidence of the laser pulses over a surface of the glass sheet element along the separation line.

Abstract: A method for dividing a workpiece into elements includes: a pulsed laser beam of an ultrashort pulse laser is directed onto a workpiece composed of brittle-hard material; instances of filamentary damage are introduced next to one another along a path. The distance between the instances of filamentary damage at least in one portion of the path is selected such that one of the following conditions is met: (i) the difference in terms of magnitude between the characteristic fracture strengths of the element upon bending in opposite directions in this portion is at most 10 MPa; (ii) the difference in terms of magnitude between the characteristic fracture strengths of the element upon bending in opposite directions in this portion is at least 30 MPa; and (iii) the difference in terms of magnitude between the fracture strengths upon bending of the element in opposite directions is at least 30 MPa*d[mm]*?/3.

Abstract: A plate-like glass element includes a pair of opposite side faces and an opening having a transverse dimension of at least 200 ?m. The opening is delimited by an edge. The edge has a plurality of rounded, substantially hemispherical depressions that adjoin one another. The plurality of rounded, substantially hemispherical depressions having abutting concave roundings which form ridges.

Abstract: A sheet-like element made of brittle material includes two opposing side faces and a peripheral edge face which determines an outer contour of the sheet-like element. The edge face has at least one first region and at least one second region. The at least one first region differs from the at least one second region in terms of its surface structure. The at least one first region has an etched surface and the at least one second region constitutes a fractured surface. A surface area of the at least one first region is larger than a surface area of the at least one second region. The at least one first region and the at least one second region are arranged next to one another in a direction along the edge face.

Abstract: A method for processing glass is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a glass element and removing glass material from the glass element by etching with an alkaline etching medium in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A method includes producing filamentary damages in a volume of a glass or glass ceramic element that are adjacently aligned along a separation line and that extend obliquely relative to a surface of the glass or glass ceramic element, and separating a portion from the glass or glass ceramic element along the separation line. The step of producing the filamentary damages includes directing laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser obliquely on the surface so that the laser pulses have a light propagation direction that extends obliquely relative to the surface and so that the filamentary damages resulting from the laser pulses have the longitudinal extension that extends obliquely relative to the surface, generating a plasma within the volume with the laser pulses, and displacing the laser pulses at points of incidence over the surface along the separation line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing glass products from tubular glass precursors is provided. In particular, a method and apparatus for separating tube glass into sized glass tube portions, produced glass tube portions, glass precursor portions, or glass product portions, and their use as pharmaceutical packaging are provided. The tube glass or the glass precursor or the glass product is provided with filaments along predetermined breaking planes. The filaments extend obliquely to the local wall radius and allow for clean separation of the tube glass or the glass precursor or the glass product.

Abstract: A method for controlling an energy distribution introduced by at least one line focus of at least one laser beam in a substrate is performed by forming the line focus at least regionally in the substrate and influencing the laser beam with at least one phase mask to control the energy distribution in the substrate.

Abstract: A method for processing glass is provide. The method includes the steps of providing a glass element and removing glass material from the glass element by etching with an alkaline etching medium in an organic solvent.

Abstract: An element of an inorganic brittle material is provided having two opposed sides and a circumferential edge. The element has at least three sections that include a first section and two second sections. The second sections adjoin the first section so that the first section is between the second sections. The first section has an arrangement of openings and interconnectors so that the first section has a higher flexibility than the second sections. The arrangement of openings has at least one opening shaped as a fold with two limbs that intersect to form a vertex.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes producing filamentary damages in a volume of a glass or glass ceramic element adjacently aligned along a separation line and extend obliquely relative to a surface of the glass or glass ceramic element; and separating a portion from the glass or glass ceramic element along the separation line. The step of producing the filamentary damages includes directing laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser obliquely on the surface so that the laser pulses have a light propagation direction that extends obliquely relative to the surface and so that the filamentary damages resulting from the laser pulses have the longitudinal extension that extends obliquely relative to the surface; generating a plasma within the volume with the laser pulses; and displacing the laser pulses at points of incidence over the surface along the separation line.

Abstract: A method for producing structured glass articles is provided by removing glass material from a glass element. The method includes the step of etching the glass element to remove the glass material from using an etching medium. The etching medium has a basic aqueous etching solution with a pH of more than 12 and a complexing agent. The complexing agent complexes a leached constituent of the glass element.

Abstract: A platelike glass element is provided that includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first, and a hole that perforates the first surface. The hole extends in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction, where the longitudinal direction is transverse to the first surface. The first surface has, at least partially around the hole, an elevation. The elevation has a feature selected from a group consisting of: a height of less than 5 ?m that at least partially around the hole, a height greater than 0.05 ?m, a height greater than 0.5 ?m, a height greater than 1 ?m, a height greater than 10 ?m, a height less than 20 ?m, a height less than 15 ?m, a height less than 12 ?m, and combinations thereof. The first surface has an average roughness value that is greater than 15 nm and less than 100 nm.

Abstract: A platelike glass element is provided that includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first, and a hole that perforates the first surface. The first surface has, at least partially around the hole, has a feature selected from a group consisting of: a height deviation with respect to the first surface that is greater than 0.005 ?m, is greater than 0.05 ?m, less than 0.1 ?m, less than 0.3 ?m, a less than 0.5 ?m, and combinations thereof. The first surface has an average roughness value that is less than 15 nm. The edge between the first surface and the hole that is free of elevations.