Abstract: The invention relates to a ferroelectric memory device comprising at least one layer comprising a ferroelectric polymer, and at least two electrodes either side thereof, the ferroelectric polymer being of general formula P(VDF-X-Y), wherein VDF is vinylidene fluoride motifs, X is trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene motifs, and Y is motifs from a third monomer, the molar proportion of Y motifs in the polymer being less than or equal to 6.5%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparation of a polymer from monomers comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and a third monomer, the method successively comprising: injection of all the monomers to react into a reactor; initiation of a polymerization of the monomers; a continuation step (a) of the polymerization of the monomers, during which a drop in pressure in the reactor is compensated.

Abstract: “The invention relates to a fluorinated copolymers which are particularly based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) or trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and particularly functionalized by functional and/or functionizable vinyl ethers. The invention also relates to methods for producing said copolymers, and to the applications thereof.

Abstract: Electromechanical polymer (EMP) actuators are used to create haptic effects on a user interface deface, such as a keyboard. The keys of the keyboard may be embossed in a top layer to provide better key definition and to house the EMP actuator. Specifically, an EMP actuator is housed inside an embossed graphic layer that covers a key of the keyboard. Such a keyboard has a significant user interface value. For example, the embossed key provides the tactile effect of the presence of a key with edges, while allowing for the localized control of haptic vibrations. For such applications, an EMP transducer provides high strains, vibrations or both under control of an electric field. Furthermore, the EMP transducer can generate strong vibrations. When the frequency of the vibrations falls within the acoustic range, the EMP transducer can generate audible sound, thereby functioning as an audio speaker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising at least one electroactive fluorinated terpolymer, and at least one second polymer compatible with the electroactive fluorinated terpolymer and having a glass transition temperature lower than that of the electroactive fluorinated terpolymer. The invention also relates to a method for producing said composition, and to a device such as an actuator comprising a substrate and a film of the above-mentioned composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparation of a polymer from monomers comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and a third monomer, the method successively comprising: injection of all the monomers to react into a reactor; initiation of a polymerization of the monomers; a continuation step (a) of the polymerization of the monomers, during which a drop in pressure in the reactor is compensated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of trifluoroethylene (VF3 or TrFE) by hydrogenolyzis of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) in the gaseous phase over a group VIII metal catalyst deposited on a support. This method can be used to obtain VF3 in an economical manner in conditions which minimize the risk of explosion of this molecule. Using a catalyst containing a group VIII metal and, more specifically, containing Pd deposited on a support and a specific series of steps of separation and purification makes it possible to obtain excellent CTFE conversion rates and high selectivity in VF3 at atmospheric pressure and at low temperatures.

Abstract: A localized multimodal haptic system includes one or more electromechanical polymer (EMP) transducers, each including an EMP layer, such as an electrostrictive polymer active layer. In some applications the EMP transducer may perform an actuator function or a sensor function, or both. The EMP polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface on which one or more electrodes are provided. The EMP layer of the EMP actuator may be 5 microns thick or less. The EMP transducers may provide local haptic response to a local a stimulus. In one application, a touch sensor may be associated with each EMP transducer, such that the haptic event at the touch sensor may be responded to by activating only the associated EMP transducer. Furthermore, the EMP transducer may act as its own touch sensor. A variety of haptic responses may be made available. The EMP transducers may be used in various other applications, such as providing complex surface morphology and audio speakers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic electronics for photovoltaic energy, i.e. conversion of light energy into electricity. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of fabrication of an active layer capable of emitting an electric current under light irradiation combining a ferroelectric polymer material and a semiconducting polymer for converting light energy into electricity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ferroelectric memory device comprising at least one layer comprising a ferroelectric polymer, and at least two electrodes either side thereof, the ferroelectric polymer being of general formula P(VDF-X-Y), wherein VDF is vinylidene fluoride motifs, X is trifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene motifs, and Y is motifs from a third monomer, the molar proportion of Y motifs in the polymer being less than or equal to 6.5%.

Abstract: A localized multimodal haptic system includes one or more electromechanical polymer (EMP) transducers, each including an EMP layer, such as an electrostrictive polymer active layer. In some applications the EMP transducer may perform an actuator function or a sensor function, or both. The EMP polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface on which one or more electrodes are provided. The EMP layer of the EMP actuator may be 5 microns thick or less. The EMP transducers may provide local haptic response to a local a stimulus. In one application, a touch sensor may be associated with each EMP transducer, such that the haptic event at the touch sensor may be responded to by activating only the associated EMP transducer. Furthermore, the EMP transducer may act as its own touch sensor. A variety of haptic responses may be made available. The EMP transducers may be used in various other applications, such as providing complex surface morphology and audio speakers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer comprising structural units of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, the molar ratio between the vinylidene fluoride and the trifluoroethylene in the polymer being between 55:45 and 65:35, and the molar proportion of the structural units of chlorotrifluoroethylene in the polymer being between 1.5 and 4.5%. The invention also relates to various items comprising said polymer, such as films, fibres, extruded plates and moulded items.

Abstract: A localized multimodal haptic system includes one or more electromechanical polymer (EMP) transducers, each including an EMP layer, such as an electrostrictive polymer active layer. In some applications the EMP transducer may perform an actuator function or a sensor function, or both. The EMP polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface on which one or more electrodes are provided. The EMP layer of the EMP actuator may be 5 microns thick or less. The EMP transducers may provide local haptic response to a local a stimulus. In one application, a touch sensor may be associated with each EMP transducer, such that the haptic event at the touch sensor may be responded to by activating only the associated EMP transducer. Furthermore, the EMP transducer may act as its own touch sensor. A variety of haptic responses may be made available. The EMP transducers may be used in various other applications, such as providing complex surface morphology, keyboard, braille display, and audio speakers.

Abstract: A localized multimodal haptic system includes one or more electromechanical polymer (EMP) transducers, each including an EMP layer, such as an electrostrictive polymer active layer. In some applications the EMP transducer may perform an actuator function or a sensor function, or both. The EMP polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface on which one or more electrodes are provided. The EMP layer of the EMP actuator may be 5 microns thick or less. The EMP transducers may provide local haptic response to a local a stimulus. In one application, a touch sensor may be associated with each EMP transducer, such that the haptic event at the touch sensor may be responded to by activating only the associated EMP transducer. Furthermore, the EMP transducer may act as its own touch sensor. A variety of haptic responses may be made available. The EMP transducers may be used in various other applications, such as providing complex surface morphology and audio speakers.

Abstract: A localized multimodal haptic system includes one or more electromechanical polymer (EMP) transducers, each including an EMP layer, such as an electrostrictive polymer active layer. In some applications the EMP transducer may perform an actuator function or a sensor function, or both. The EMP polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface on which one or more electrodes are provided. The EMP layer of the EMP actuator may be 5 microns thick or less. The EMP transducers may provide local haptic response to a local a stimulus. In one application, a touch sensor may be associated with each EMP transducer, such that the haptic event at the touch sensor may be responded to by activating only the associated EMP transducer. Furthermore, the EMP transducer may act as its own touch sensor. A variety of haptic responses may be made available. The EMP transducers may be used in various other applications, such as providing complex surface morphology and audio speakers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of trifluoroethylene (VF3 or TrFE) by hydrogenolysis of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) in the gaseous phase over a group VIII metal catalyst deposited on a support. This method can be used to obtain VF3 in an economical manner in conditions which minimize the risk of explosion of this molecule. Using a catalyst containing a group VIII metal and, more specifically, containing Pd deposited on a support and a specific series of steps of separation and purification makes it possible to obtain excellent CTFE conversion rates and high selectivity in VF3 at atmospheric pressure and at low temperatures.

Abstract: Electromechanical polymer (EMP) actuators are used to create haptic effects on a user interface deface, such as a keyboard. The keys of the keyboard may be embossed in a top layer to provide better key definition and to house the EMP actuator. Specifically, an EMP actuator is housed inside an embossed graphic layer that covers a key of the keyboard. Such a keyboard has a significant user interface value. For example, the embossed key provides the tactile effect of the presence of a key with edges, while allowing for the localized control of haptic vibrations. For such applications, an EMP transducer provides high strains, vibrations or both under control of an electric field. Furthermore, the EMP transducer can generate strong vibrations. When the frequency of the vibrations falls within the acoustic range, the EMP transducer can generate audible sound, thereby functioning as an audio speaker.

Abstract: A method for working or forming metals which consists in usings an aqueous lubricant containing as water-soluble extreme pressure additive, methanesulphonic acid or water-soluble methanesulphonic acid salt. The water-soluble methane sulphonic acid salt is an alkali or alkaline-earth, ammonium, alkanol amine or ethoxylated fatty amine salt. The inventive aqueous lubricants have good extreme pressure properties and good properties with respect to corrosion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for working or forming metals which consists in usings an aqueous lubricant containing as water-soluble extreme pressure additive, methanesulphonic acid or water-soluble methanesulphonic acid salt. The water-soluble methane sulphonic acid salt is an alkali or alkaline-earth, ammonium, alkanol amine or ethoxylated fatty amine salt. The inventive aqueous lubricants have good extreme pressure properties and good properties with respect to corrosion.

Abstract: A latex which forms a film by evaporation at a temperature of less than 40° C. is based on hydrophobic polymer particles having a core/shell structure. The particles consist of 70 to 90% by weight of at least one polymer with a soft character having a glass transition temperature of less than 20° C. forming the core, and 10 to 30% by weight of at least one polymer with a hard character having a glass transition temperature of greater than 50° C. forming the shell. When applied to any surface and after drying at low temperature, the latex, without the use of any coalescents or volatile organic compounds, provides a continuous film which is homogeneous, has no surface tack and has good mechanical integrity.