Abstract: A method of finishing of ferromagnetic articles by means of ferromagnetic abrasive powders in a magnetic field formed by electromagnets of opposite polarities, wherein a ferromagnetic abrasive powder and a ferromagnetic article are first magnetized to the saturation induction, then the ferromagnetic article is placed into an external magnetic field so as to form a working gap between said ferromagnetic article and the poles of electromagnets, the total magnetic field produced therein being the sum of the external magnetic field and the field of said magnetized ferromagnetic articles. The ferromagnetic powder is finally introduced into the working gap to form a cutting "brush" and the article and the external magnetic field are brought into relative motion.

Abstract: A rotor-type machine comprises two electromagnetic systems, one having an inductor and, the other one, a rotor installed rotatably around its axis. Said inductor and rotor have the same and even number of alternating-polarity poles. The distance between the adjacent poles is greater than the size of the air gap. The rotor is linked kinematically with a workpiece which is located in the air gap formed by the counteropposed poles of the inductor and rotor and filled with a ferromagnetic abrasive powder which creates a cutting "brush" on the poles of one of said magnetic systems. The face surface of the poles corresponds to the profile of the workpiece surface being machined. The coils of said electromagnetic systems are connected with a power pack. The inductor is installed rotatably around its axis. Each workpiece is secured on the pole of the rotor provided with a drive for rotating it around its axis.

Abstract: A machine for treating spherical surfaces of parts with a magnetoabrasive powder held in a magnetic field created in the gap between two magnets comprises a horizontal circular channel acting as one of the magnets and a rotor arranged above the circular channel and carrying spindles around the circumference, the lower end of each spindle being provided with another magnet adapted for holding the workpiece. Each spindle has a mechanism which imparts to it a rotary and, simultaneously, recessional motion, the precession center being located mostly on the line of centers of the generatrix of the circular channel.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic abrasive material containing a ferromagnetic component including an iron-aluminum-silicon-phosphorus-carbon alloy and an abrasive component including aluminum and silicon oxides, carbides, nitrides and phosphides, the ingredients being used in the following proportions (in % by weight):______________________________________ iron 75-97 aluminum 0.2-16.0 silicon 0.2-18.0 phosphorus 0.005-1.5 carbon 0.005-4.0 oxygen 0.05-3.0 nitrogen 0.01-0.5 including oxides, carbides, nitrides and phosphides 0.01-5.0. ______________________________________A method for preparing said ferromagnetic abrasive material comprises melting an iron-aluminum-silicon-phosphorus alloy, adding carbon to the resultant melt and subsequently overheating the melt containing iron, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, carbon above the temperature corresponding to the beginning of solidification by 50.degree.-200.degree. C. Then a jet of the melt Fe--Al--Si--P--C is atomized to obtain pellets of a size smaller than 1.

Abstract: A method for surface finishing of non-magnetic articles by means of ferromagnetic abrasive powders in a magnetic field, wherein ferromagnetic powder is introduced into the magnetic field produced by oppositely positioned unlike poles of a magnetic system to form a cutting "brush" of the ferromagnetic abrasisve powder and non-magnetic articles are then placed into said magnetic field, said articles being moved relative to the cutting "brush" of the ferromagnetic powder. Additionally, each pair of non-magnetic articles is separated by a ferromagnetic body, the latter being moved relative to the cutting "brush" of the ferromagnetic abrasive powder so as to restore the cutttng "brush".

Abstract: The rotary machine for three-dimensional polishing of workpieces shaped as solids of revolution in a magnetic field using ferromagnetic abrasive powders comprises an electromagnetic system incorporating an annular working air gap adapted for the ferromagnetic abrasive powder to accommodate therein, and a rotor arranged oppositely to the electromagnetic system and carrying spindles for the workpieces being machined to hold, said spindles being spaced peripherally on the rotor so as to traverse the workpieces along the working gap of the electromagnetic system when the rotor is running. The electromagnetic system comprises a number of segments having different magnetic induction which gradually diminishes along the direction of traverse of the workpieces being machined. The space of the air gap within each of the segments is filled with the ferromagnetic abrasive powder of different fineness ratio which is gradually diminished along the direction of traverse of the workpieces being machined.

Abstract: The machine for three-dimensional polishing of workpieces shaped as solids of revolution in a magnetic field using ferromagnetic abrasive powder comprises an electromagnetic system having an air gap for the ferromagnetic abrasive powder to retain therein, spindles for the workpieces being machined to hold, a mechanism for traversing the spindles adapted for the workpieces being machined to pass through the air gap of the electromagnetic system, and mechanisms for the spindles to rotate round their own axes and oscillate. The spindle oscillating mechanism comprises a cam held in position to the spindle and adapted to engage, with its shaped face, the eccentric roller whose shaft is square with the axis of rotation of the spindle carrying the cam.