Patents by Inventor Fadel Adib
Fadel Adib has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 10746852Abstract: A method for monitoring periodic motions of one or more subjects uses signal reflections from the subjects. The method includes emitting a transmitted signal from a transmitting antenna and receiving a received signal at one or more receiving antennas. The received signal includes a combination of a number of reflections of the transmitted signal, at least some of which are associated with the subjects. The received signal, including the reflections, is processed to determine an estimate of a fundamental frequency of the periodic motions.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2015Date of Patent: August 18, 2020Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Fadel Adib, Zachary Edward Kabelac, Dina Katabi
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Patent number: 10701662Abstract: A wideband, radio-frequency localization system may estimate the one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional position and trajectory of a static or moving object. These estimates may have a high spatial accuracy and low latency. The localization may be determined based on phase or amplitude of a wideband signal in each frequency band in a set of multiple frequency bands. The localization may be based on a single shot of measurements across a wide band of radio frequencies, without frequency hopping. The measurements of the wideband signal may be taken over time and over space at multiple receivers. The localization may be based on measurements taken while a backscatter node remains in a first reflective state or in a second reflective state, rather than when the backscatter node is transitioning between reflective states. In some cases, the localization achieves sub-centimeter spatial resolution in each of three spatial dimensions.Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 2019Date of Patent: June 30, 2020Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Zhihong Luo, Qiping Zhang, Nicholas Selby, Yunfei Ma, Manish Singh, Fadel Adib
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Patent number: 10693544Abstract: Multiple antennas of a beamformer may simultaneously transmit wireless signals at different frequencies. The signals may comprise synchronized, identical wireless commands, each at a different carrier frequency. The transmitted signals may constructively and destructively interfere with each other at a receiver antenna, to form a beat signal. When the transmitted signals constructively interfere, the beat signal may cause a voltage in the receiver to exceed a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage may be a minimum voltage at which a device, which is operatively connected to the receiver antenna, is able to perform energy harvesting or wireless communication. The beamformer may operate under blind channel conditions, because the transmitted frequencies may be selected in such a way as to maximize peak power delivered under all possible channel conditions. The beamformer may deliver wireless power to a sensor or actuator that is located deep inside bodily tissue.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 2019Date of Patent: June 23, 2020Assignees: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc.Inventors: Yunfei Ma, Zhihong Luo, Christoph Steiger, Carlo Giovanni Traverso, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20200145959Abstract: A wideband, radio-frequency localization system may estimate the one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional position and trajectory of a static or moving object. These estimates may have a high spatial accuracy and low latency. The localization may be determined based on phase or amplitude of a wideband signal in each frequency band in a set of multiple frequency bands. The localization may be based on a single shot of measurements across a wide band of radio frequencies, without frequency hopping. The measurements of the wideband signal may be taken over time and over space at multiple receivers. The localization may be based on measurements taken while a backscatter node remains in a first reflective state or in a second reflective state, rather than when the backscatter node is transitioning between reflective states. In some cases, the localization achieves sub-centimeter spatial resolution in each of three spatial dimensions.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 26, 2019Publication date: May 7, 2020Inventors: Zhihong Luo, Qiping Zhang, Nicholas Selby, Yunfei Ma, Manish Singh, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20200117863Abstract: A system may sense the contents of a closed container, by analyzing a wireless signal that reflects from an RFID tag on the outside of the container. The frequency response of the tag's antenna may be affected by the relative permittivity of the contents and by the tag's environment. The frequency response may be measured in a line-of-sight environment and in a multipath environment. Channel estimates may be calculated, based on the measurements. Channel ratios may be calculated by dividing line-of-sight channel estimates by multipath channel estimates. The resulting channel ratios may be fed into a variational autoencoder, which in turn generates synthetic data that contains information about multipath environments but not the contents. The output of the variational autoencoder may be converted into synthetic channel estimates, which may in turn be employed for anomaly detection, or to train a classifier to classify contents of the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 15, 2019Publication date: April 16, 2020Inventors: Unsoo Ha, Junshan Leng, Alaa Khaddaj, Yunfei Ma, Tzu Ming Hsu, Zexuan Zhong, Fadel Adib
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Patent number: 10575277Abstract: A wideband, radio-frequency localization system may estimate the one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional position and trajectory of a static or moving object. These estimates may have a high spatial accuracy and low latency. The localization may be determined based on phase or amplitude of a wideband signal in each frequency band in a set of multiple frequency bands. The localization may be based on a single shot of measurements across a wide band of radio frequencies, without frequency hopping. The measurements of the wideband signal may be taken over time and over space at multiple receivers. The localization may be based on measurements taken while a backscatter node remains in a first reflective state or in a second reflective state, rather than when the backscatter node is transitioning between reflective states. In some cases, the localization achieves sub-centimeter spatial resolution in each of three spatial dimensions.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2018Date of Patent: February 25, 2020Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Zhihong Luo, Qiping Zhang, Nicholas Selby, Yunfei Ma, Manish Singh, Fadel Adib
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Patent number: 10516470Abstract: A method may comprise relaying a wireless signal via a bi-directional, full-duplex relay. The relay may comprise an analog uplink relay and an analog downlink relay, and may relay signals between a transmitter and a backscatter node. The spectrum of the downlink signal transmitted by the downlink relay may be different than the spectrum of the uplink signal received by the uplink relay. Filtering may attenuate leakage from the downlink relay to the uplink relay, and vice versa. The uplink relay may create a phase offset that is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the phase offset created by the downlink relay. The downlink and uplink relays, taken together, may create a substantially constant net phase offset. The full-duplex relay may be housed in a vehicle that moves, and may be used to determine spatial coordinates of backscatter sources that are located in the relay's environment.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 2019Date of Patent: December 24, 2019Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20190342012Abstract: An underwater transmitter may generate underwater pressure waves that encode bits of data. The pressure waves may travel to, and created minute vibrations in, the water's surface. An airborne radar may detect radar signals that reflect from the water's surface. The surface vibrations may modulate the phase of the reflected radar signal. The radar receiver may, based on the variation in the phase of the reflected radar signal, decode the data that was initially encoded in the underwater pressure waves. The underwater pressure waves may be frequency modulated, such as by orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. Alternatively, the surface vibrations may be detected by a camera, interferometer or other light sensor. Alternatively, the pressure waves may propagate through a media other than water. For instance, the pressure waves may propagate through bodily tissue, or may propagate through oil or a liquid fracking mixture in an oil or gas well.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 28, 2019Publication date: November 7, 2019Inventors: Francesco Tonolini, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20190341994Abstract: A full-duplex analog relay may comprise an analog uplink relay and an analog downlink relay, and may relay signals between a transmitter and a backscatter node. The spectrum of the downlink signal transmitted by the downlink relay may be different than the spectrum of the uplink signal received by the uplink relay. Filtering may attenuate leakage from the downlink relay to the uplink relay, and vice versa. The uplink relay may create a phase offset that is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the phase offset created by the downlink relay. The downlink and uplink relays, taken together, may created a substantially constant net phase offset. The full-duplex relay may be housed in a vehicle that moves, and may be used to determine spatial coordinates of backscatter sources that are located in the relay's environment.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 3, 2019Publication date: November 7, 2019Inventors: Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20190326970Abstract: Multiple antennas of a beamformer may simultaneously transmit wireless signals at different frequencies. The signals may comprise synchronized, identical wireless commands, each at a different carrier frequency. The transmitted signals may constructively and destructively interfere with each other at a receiver antenna, to form a beat signal. When the transmitted signals constructively interfere, the beat signal may cause a voltage in the receiver to exceed a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage may be a minimum voltage at which a device, which is operatively connected to the receiver antenna, is able to perform energy harvesting or wireless communication. The beamformer may operate under blind channel conditions, because the transmitted frequencies may be selected in such a way as to maximize peak power delivered under all possible channel conditions. The beamformer may deliver wireless power to a sensor or actuator that is located deep inside bodily tissue.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 23, 2019Publication date: October 24, 2019Inventors: Yunfei Ma, Zhihong Luo, Christoph Steiger, Carlo Giovanni Traverso, Fadel Adib
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Patent number: 10389429Abstract: A full-duplex analog relay may comprise an analog uplink relay and an analog downlink relay, and may relay signals between a transmitter and a backscatter node. The spectrum of the downlink signal transmitted by the downlink relay may be different than the spectrum of the uplink signal received by the uplink relay. Filtering may attenuate leakage from the downlink relay to the uplink relay, and vice versa. The uplink relay may create a phase offset that is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the phase offset created by the downlink relay. The downlink and uplink relays, taken together, may created a substantially constant net phase offset. The full-duplex relay may be housed in a vehicle that moves, and may be used to determine spatial coordinates of backscatter sources that are located in the relay's environment.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 2018Date of Patent: August 20, 2019Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20190141666Abstract: A wideband, radio-frequency localization system may estimate the one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional position and trajectory of a static or moving object. These estimates may have a high spatial accuracy and low latency. The localization may be determined based on phase or amplitude of a wideband signal in each frequency band in a set of multiple frequency bands. The localization may be based on a single shot of measurements across a wide band of radio frequencies, without frequency hopping. The measurements of the wideband signal may be taken over time and over space at multiple receivers. The localization may be based on measurements taken while a backscatter node remains in a first reflective state or in a second reflective state, rather than when the backscatter node is transitioning between reflective states. In some cases, the localization achieves sub-centimeter spatial resolution in each of three spatial dimensions.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 16, 2018Publication date: May 9, 2019Inventors: Zhihong Luo, Qiping Zhang, Nicholas Selby, Yunfei Ma, Manish Singh, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20180275246Abstract: A transceiver may wirelessly transmit a communication signal at a first frequency and a sensing signal at a second frequency. The communication signal may include a command that causes a backscatter node to modulate impedance of an antenna, and thereby modulate reflectivity of the backscatter node. The communication signal may also deliver wireless power to the backscatter node. While the impedance is being modulated in response to the command, the transceiver may transmit the sensing signal and measure wireless reflections. The power of the sensing signal may be much lower than that of the communication signal. The transceiver may frequency hop the sensing signal in a wide band of frequencies and take measurements at each frequency in the hopping. Based on the measurements, a computer may determine time-of-flight or phase of a reflected signal from the backscatter node and may estimate location of the backscatter node with sub-centimeter precision.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 26, 2018Publication date: September 27, 2018Inventors: Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20180234161Abstract: A full-duplex analog relay may comprise an analog uplink relay and an analog downlink relay, and may relay signals between a transmitter and a backscatter node. The spectrum of the downlink signal transmitted by the downlink relay may be different than the spectrum of the uplink signal received by the uplink relay. Filtering may attenuate leakage from the downlink relay to the uplink relay, and vice versa. The uplink relay may create a phase offset that is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the phase offset created by the downlink relay. The downlink and uplink relays, taken together, may created a substantially constant net phase offset. The full-duplex relay may be housed in a vehicle that moves, and may be used to determine spatial coordinates of backscatter sources that are located in the relay's environment.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 12, 2018Publication date: August 16, 2018Inventors: Yunfei Ma, Nicholas Selby, Fadel Adib
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Publication number: 20170311901Abstract: A method for determining an emotional state of a subject includes receiving the motion based physiological signal associated with a subject, the motion based physiological signal including a component related to the subject's vital signs, and determining an emotional state of the subject based at least in part on the component related to the subject's vital signs.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 18, 2017Publication date: November 2, 2017Inventors: Mingmin Zhao, Fadel Adib, Dina Katabi
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Patent number: 9753131Abstract: A motion tracking system makes use of a number antennas to transmit and receive radio frequency signals that are reflected from objects (e.g., people) in the environment of the system, which may include one or more rooms of a building, the interior of a vehicle, etc., and may be partitioned, for example, walls or cloth sheets. In general, the objects in the environment include both fixed objects, such as chairs, walls, etc., as well as moving objects, such as but not limited to people. The system can track people, who may be moving around a room, or may be relatively stationary, for instance, sitting in a chair of lying in bed, but may nevertheless exhibit breathing motion that may be detected. The system may detect body or limb gestures made by the people in the environment, and detect physical activity including detection of falls.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 2014Date of Patent: September 5, 2017Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Fadel Adib, Zachary Edward Kabelac, Dina Katabi
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Publication number: 20170082741Abstract: A motion tracking system makes use of a number antennas to transmit and receive radio frequency signals that are reflected from objects (e.g., people) in the environment of the system, which may include one or more rooms of a building, the interior of a vehicle, etc., and may be partitioned, for example, walls or cloth sheets. In general, the objects in the environment include both fixed objects, such as chairs, walls, etc., as well as moving objects, such as but not limited to people. The system can track people, who may be moving around a room, or may be relatively stationary, for instance, sitting in a chair of lying in bed, but may nevertheless exhibit breathing motion that may be detected. The system may detect body or limb gestures made by the people in the environment, and detect physical activity including detection of falls.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 9, 2014Publication date: March 23, 2017Inventors: Fadel Adib, Zachary Edward Kabelac, Dina Katabi
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Publication number: 20170074980Abstract: In one aspect, a reference transmit signal is distributed to each of one or more transmit antennas, and delayed by multiple different times before transmission from the transmit antennas. The reference transmit signal (or a delayed version of the reference signal) is also used at each of the receive antennas to determine propagation (time of flight) times reflecting from bodies from each of the transmit antennas to the receive antenna. In another aspect, locations of multiple objects are determined by iteratively (a) determining a location of a body based on determined propagation times between multiple transmitter-receiver pairs, and (b) having determined a location, effectively removing the effect of reflections from that location from the remaining signals.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 24, 2015Publication date: March 16, 2017Inventors: Fadel Adib, Zachary Edward Kabelac, Dina Katabi
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Publication number: 20170042432Abstract: A method for monitoring periodic motions of one or more subjects uses signal reflections from the subjects. The method includes emitting a transmitted signal from a transmitting antenna and receiving a received signal at one or more receiving antennas. The received signal includes a combination of a number of reflections of the transmitted signal, at least some of which are associated with the subjects. The received signal, including the reflections, is processed to determine an estimate of a fundamental frequency of the periodic motions.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 28, 2015Publication date: February 16, 2017Inventors: Fadel Adib, Zachary Edward Kabelac, Dina Katabi
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Patent number: 9268025Abstract: An offset estimator (e.g., a time delay, a spatial image offset, etc.) makes use of a transform approach (e.g., using Fast Fourier Transforms). The sparse nature of a cross-correlation is exploited by limiting the computation required in either or both of the forward and inverse transforms. For example, only a subset of the transform values (e.g., a regular subsampling of the values) is used. In some examples, an inverse transform yields a time aliased version of the cross-correlation. Further processing then identifies the most likely offset of the original signals by considering offsets that are consistent with the aliased output.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2012Date of Patent: February 23, 2016Assignee: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYInventors: Haitham Zuhair Al-Hassanieh, Fadel Adib, Dina Katabi, Piotr Indyk