Abstract: The solar dome atomized desalination system with enhanced evaporation includes several features for enhancing evaporation of water within the solar distillation dome. The system includes a transparent solar dome with a peak point. The transparent solar dome is supported on a base that includes a bottom panel and sidewalls that form the outer perimeter of a freshwater basin. A saltwater basin is concentrically located within the freshwater basin, both of which may be square in shape. A first evaporation enhancement feature includes a plurality of reflectors for directing additional solar rays into the dome. A second evaporation enhancement feature includes an ultrasound generator centrally located on the bottom of the saltwater basin to atomize the saltwater in the saltwater basin. A third evaporation enhancement feature includes a plurality of copper structures extending from the peak of the solar dome to the perimeter of the freshwater basin.

Abstract: The direct solar desalination system with enhanced desalination has a main chamber having a slanted transparent top and vertical sidewalls. Saltwater is fed to the top of a series of plates, with the top plate and every other plate slanting into the chamber, while the intervening plates slant back toward the chamber wall. The lower edge of the plates that are slanted into the chamber have a plurality of copper channels or wires extending between the plate's edge and the opposite chamber wall. Saltwater that does not flow down the channels/wires drips down to the next plate and so forth, and any remaining saltwater is collected at the bottom of the chamber. The channels/wires are coated with a photothermal layer to enhance evaporation. The fresh water condenses on the bottom surface of the slanted top, flows down the surface, and is collected at the bottom of the shortest sidewall.

Abstract: The sub-ambient solar desalination system includes a solar pond and a pressure reducing structure. The solar pond is adapted for receiving saltwater and heating the saltwater through direct exposure to solar radiation at atmospheric pressure. The pressure reducing structure is in fluid communication with the solar pond for receiving heated saltwater therefrom. The pressure reducing structure is configured such that pressure of the heated saltwater within a central portion of the pressure reducing structure is at sufficiently reduced sub-ambient pressure to undergo a phase change to produce pure water vapor and a concentrated brine solution. The pressure reducing structure has a vapor outlet for releasing the pure water vapor, which is collected in a fresh water tank and condensed into pure liquid water. The solar pond is in fluid communication with an outlet portion of the pressure reducing structure for recycling the concentrated brine solution back to the solar pond.

Abstract: A low energy desalination system with a venturi device includes a saline water feed, a pump, and a venturi device. The pump provides saline water to the nozzle of the venturi device. The fluid flowing through the nozzle speeds up at the throat or constricted region of the device. This results in a reduction in pressure at the throat of the device. The reduced pressure at the throat of the device makes the fluid susceptible to evaporation which causes a certain amount of water to evaporate from the saline water. Freshwater vapor from the fluid flows through a freshwater vapor outlet at the throat of the venturi device to a freshwater tank and the concentrated brine remaining in the venturi device flows toward the diffuser of the venturi device and then to a brine tank.