Abstract: This disclosure describes a method for producing a functional element that includes a substrate made substantially of a polymer. On at least one surface of the substrate, there is at least one zone with a distinct surface texture. The method involves irradiating a specific surface region of the substrate with laser radiation during a laser-processing step. This irradiation induces a change in the volume of the polymer near the surface, caused by the interaction between the laser radiation and the polymer. The result is a permanent change of the surface texture within the targeted zone. The substrate is composed of a hydrous polymer, and the process is optimized by selecting a working wavelength of the laser-processing operation such that the polymer's degree of absorption is appropriate. This selection is based on a functional relationship among the laser wavelength, the polymer's water content, and its absorption characteristics, ensuring precise surface modification.

Abstract: A method for localizing a hot spot (27) in a sample (12), in particular an encapsulated device under test (DUT), by using lock-in thermography (LIT), where at least one heat source (23) of an electrical circuit is buried within the sample (12) and generated the hot spot (27) upon flow of current therein, comprises applying a non-harmonic excitation wave test signal at a lock-in frequency to the electrical circuit of the sample (12) to activate the heat source (23) for generating the hot spot (27); imaging the sample (12) using an infrared sensor (16) to obtain IR images of the sample (12) while the non-harmonic test signal is applied to the electrical circuit; and detecting a thermal response signal obtained from the imaging, the thermal response signal being in correlation to the thermal heat propagation within the sample (12).

Abstract: Manual cleaning device (10), comprising a cleaning member (12, 120), delimited at least over a portion of its circumference by an edge (13) formed in a plane (14) and configured on one side of this plane (14) to have a dome shape, characterized in that the cleaning member (12, 120) has a flat dome shape on both sides of the edge (13) and in that the circumference of the cleaning member (12, 120), dome-shaped on both sides, is oval at least in the area of its edge (13).