Abstract: Adapting an existing portfolio optimizer to support one or more valuated dependencies without modifying the existing portfolio optimizer, may include translating one or more original elements and associated dependencies in a portfolio to be optimized based on said one or more valuated dependencies; invoking the existing portfolio optimizer with the translated one or more original elements and associated dependencies; and translating optimization results, if said optimization results contain translated one or more original elements, into a solution characterized in terms of said one or more original elements.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for security validation of a user input in a computer network application. The method includes: providing a subset of security rules of a server-side protection means to a pre-validation component deployed at a client side, so as to enable security validation of a user input on the client side by the pre-validation component; validating the user input based on at least one of the security rules; determining, in response to detecting a user input violation and that a violated security rule has not been provided to the pre-validation component, the user as a first class of users; determining, in response to detecting the user input violation and that the violated security rule has been provided to the pre-validation component, the user as a second class of users; and performing different security protection actions to the first and second class of users.

Abstract: At least one candidate allocation time period is determined according to a resource benefit time step function. The resource benefit does not vary with time in the at least one candidate allocation time period. Resources and relations between the resources are converted into sub-resource groups according to the resource cost time step function. Each of the sub-resource groups comprise sub-resources that correspond to the resources and relations between the sub-resources. The resource benefits and resource costs of the sub-resources do not vary with time. With respect to the at least one candidate allocation time period, the sub-resource groups are input into a resource schedule optimizer to obtain optimized results with respect to the sub-resource groups. An optimized result, with respect to the at least one candidate allocation time period, is obtained from the optimized results with respect to the sub-resource groups.