Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds with a carboxyl acid group and an amide group which also containing the tertiary amino groups. The carboxyl acid group having a partial negative charge can attract the tertiary amino group with each other to form a quaternary ammonium salt structure, so that the compounds are easy to dissolve in water. Moreover, these compounds having a mushroom tyrosinase-inhibition effect and have the potential to use in the cosmetics for skin whitening.

Abstract: A transmitter generates MUX-PDUs for video, audio, data, and/or control streams based on a fixed PHY packet size such that all or a substantial percentage of the MUX-PDUs conform to the PHY packet size. The MUX-PDUs have variable sizes and are mapped to PHY packets such that (1) each MUX-PDU that is smaller than the PHY packet size is sent in one PHY packet and (2) each MUX-PDU that is larger than the PHY packet size is sent in a minimum number of PHY packets. Each MUX-PDU is padded with one or more null MUX-PDUs and/or one or more padding bytes, if needed, to obtain the PHY packet size. Each PHY packet is sent in one transmission time interval (TTI) to a receiver. The receiver performs the complementary processing on the received PHY packets to recover the MUX-PDUs. The receiver forwards each valid MUX-PDU and discards any padding.

Abstract: A transmitter generates MUX-PDUs for video, audio, data, and/or control streams based on a fixed PHY packet size such that all or a substantial percentage of the MUX-PDUs conform to the PHY packet size. The MUX-PDUs have variable sizes and are mapped to PHY packets such that (1) each MUX-PDU that is smaller than the PHY packet size is sent in one PHY packet and (2) each MUX-PDU that is larger than the PHY packet size is sent in a minimum number of PHY packets. Each MUX-PDU is padded with one or more null MUX-PDUs and/or one or more padding bytes, if needed, to obtain the PHY packet size. Each PHY packet is sent in one transmission time interval (TTI) to a receiver. The receiver performs the complementary processing on the received PHY packets to recover the MUX-PDUs. The receiver forwards each valid MUX-PDU and discards any padding.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds with a carboxyl acid group and an amide group which also containing the tertiary amino groups. The carboxyl acid group having a partial negative charge can attract the tertiary amino group with each other to form a quaternary ammonium salt structure, so that the compounds are easy to dissolve in water. Moreover, these compounds having a mushroom tyrosinase-inhibition effect and have the potential to use in the cosmetics for skin whitening.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the ascorbic acid derivatives. The inventive molecules that combine with one or two hydrophilic headgroups connected by a hydrophobic spacer can increase skin penetration.

Abstract: To detect the presence of at least one other terminal in a data session (e.g., an RTP session), terminal a generates a request to solicit a response from each terminal, forms an APP packet in RTCP for the request, encapsulates the APP packet in at least one IP packet, and sends the IP packet(s) to the other terminal(s). Terminal a then monitors for a response from each terminal to which the request is sent. Terminal a declares a terminal to be present in the data session if a response is received from that terminal. Terminal a may send one or more additional requests to each terminal from which a response is not received. Terminal a declares a terminal to be absent from the data session if a predetermined number of (e.g., two) requests have been sent to that terminal and a response is not received from the terminal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the ascorbic acid derivatives. The inventive molecules that combine with one or two hydrophilic headgroups connected by a hydrophobic spacer can increase skin penetration.

Abstract: To detect the presence of at least one other terminal in a data session (e.g., an RTP session), terminal a generates a request to solicit a response from each terminal, forms an APP packet in RTCP for the request, encapsulates the APP packet in at least one IP packet, and sends the IP packet(s) to the other terminal(s). Terminal a then monitors for a response from each terminal to which the request is sent. Terminal a declares a terminal to be present in the data session if a response is received from that terminal. Terminal a may send one or more additional requests to each terminal from which a response is not received. Terminal a declares a terminal to be absent from the data session if a predetermined number of (e.g., two) requests have been sent to that terminal and a response is not received from the terminal.

Abstract: A transmitter generates MUX-PDUs for video, audio, data, and/or control streams based on a fixed PHY packet size such that all or a substantial percentage of the MUX-PDUs conform to the PHY packet size. The MUX-PDUs have variable sizes and are mapped to PHY packets such that (1) each MUX-PDU that is smaller than the PHY packet size is sent in one PHY packet and (2) each MUX-PDU that is larger than the PHY packet size is sent in a minimum number of PHY packets. Each MUX-PDU is padded with one or more null MUX-PDUs and/or one or more padding bytes, if needed, to obtain the PHY packet size. Each PHY packet is sent in one transmission time interval (TTI) to a receiver. The receiver performs the complementary processing on the received PHY packets to recover the MUX-PDUs. The receiver forwards each valid MUX-PDU and discards any padding.

Abstract: A video demultiplexer and video decoder include features for efficient video data recovery in the event of channel error. The demultiplexer detects a boundary between physical layer data units and adds boundary information to the bitstream produced by the demultiplexer. The demultiplexer produces adaptation layer data units, which are processed by the adaptation layer to produce an application layer bitstream. When the video decoder encounters an error in the bitstream, it uses the boundary information to limit the amount of data that must be concealed. In particular, the boundary information permits the error to be associated with a small segment of data. The video decoder conceals data from the beginning of the segment of data, rather than an entire slice or frame in which the segment resides. In this manner, the video decoder provides efficient data recovery, limiting the loss of useful data that otherwise would be purposely discarded for concealment purposes.

Abstract: A system for efficient bit plane coding of transform coefficient data, such as DCT data used in a video coding system. Decimal values for the transform coefficients are converted to binary values, where each bit occupies a corresponding bit plane, from the most significant bit to the least significant bit. One bit from each coefficient is provided in a common bit plane. A one-bit flag or codeword is used for coding one or more initial all-zero bit planes, while another one-bit flag is used for designating the first subsequent non-all-zero plane. For the first non-all-zero plane, a reduced coding table is used to provide codewords that follow the one-bit flag.

Abstract: A digital video transcoder-multiplexer (transmux) architecture that is fully software-implemented. The transmux includes transcoder processing elements (TPEs) that may use a very long instruction word (VLIW) media processor for performing transcoding, and de-assembly and re-assembly at a transport stream level, and a co-processor for providing de-assembly and re-assembly at an elementary stream level. The processors operate in parallel, at least in part, to optimize throughput and provide processing load balancing. A transmux architecture that is fully software implemented is provided to allow upgrading to handle new functions, fix hardware or software problems, test new processes, adapt to changing customer requirements, and so forth.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed by which a translucent logo is inserted into the transcoded digital bitstream of an MPEG transcoder without changing the digital nature of the bitstream. Such an MPEG transcoder has cascaded decoding and encoding sections. A translucent logo is generated and is added to the reconstructed video image produced by the decoder section of the MPEG transcoder upstream of the transcoder's encoding section. The encoding section of the transcoder then encodes the bitstream which includes the translucent logo.

Abstract: The disclosure has application, for use in conjunction with a video encoding/decoding technique wherein images are encoded into frame-representative bitstreams that include start codes and variable length codes and at least some of the bitstreams are truncated for streaming, ultimately, to a decoder for decoding. A disclosed method includes the following steps: selecting an end code having a value that is different than any start code and any variable length code of the bitstream; and appending the end code to the bitstreams.

Abstract: A method for encoding and decoding an input signal, includes the following steps: applying a transform to the input signal to obtain a transformed signal; quantizing the transformed signal to obtain a sequence of quantized values, the quantized values being representable in the form of ordered binary bits; for each order of said binary bits, encoding a bit plane of the sequence using (run, end) coding to obtain encoded values; and decoding the encoded values to recover the input signal.

Abstract: In accordance with a feature of the present invention, a bit plane approach is used in representing coded levels or values. Although, this approach will require more codes to be generated (since each bit plane is separately encoded), the codes themselves, and/or the entropy codes therefor, will require less bits for their representation, and in many cases the net result will be a substantial reduction in the bits necessary to encode the original signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transcoding of digital video images using a queuing system model. Multiple transcoding processors are arranged in parallel. In a first architecture, an input bitstream of n channels is partitioned into processing units, such as slices or frames, the processing units are split into m sub-streams, and each sub-stream is processed in a corresponding branch. A separate queue is provided for each sub-stream. In a second architecture, the processing units are assigned to any available processor from a common queue. Independent processing units are processed concurrently according to the queuing system model to minimize an average processing time. In particular, processing of a reference picture (I-picture) unit and an associated predicted picture (P- or B-picture unit) unit at the same time is avoided.