Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, applying a plurality of time-varying bias signals to bias inputs of a quad-parallel Mach-Zehnder (QPMZ) modulator, receiving output signals of the QPMZ modulator, wherein the output signals are produced by the QPMZ modulator responsive to the plurality of time-varying bias signals, and determining a biasing map, optical loss, and optical characteristics including extinction ratio and crosstalk for the QPMZ modulator based on the output signals of the QPMZ modulator. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A housing for an electronic device includes an optical film having an optical transmittance for substantially normally incident light having a band edge separating first and second wavelength ranges, where the first wavelength range extends from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and the second wavelength range is at least about 100 nm wide and disposed between about 800 nm and about 1100 nm. For substantially normally incident light, an average optical reflectance of the optical film is greater than about 90% in the first wavelength range, and an average optical transmittance of the optical film is greater than about 80% in the second wavelength range. For at least one frequency in a range of about 0.1 GHz to about 90 GHz and for substantially normally incident radiation, the optical film transmits at least about 95% of the incident radiation. An optical stack can include the optical film.

Abstract: A housing (185) for an electronic device (170) includes an optical film (100) having an optical transmittance for substantially normally incident light having a band edge separating first and second wavelength ranges, where the first wavelength range extends from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and the second wavelength range is at least about 100 nm wide and disposed between about 800 nm and about 1100 nm. For substantially normally incident light, an average optical reflectance of the optical film is greater than about 90% in the first wavelength range, and an average optical transmittance of the optical film is greater than about 80% in the second wavelength range. For at least one frequency in a range of about 0.1 GHz to about 90 GHz and for substantially normally incident radiation, the optical film transmits at least about 95% of the incident radiation.

Abstract: An optical stack including an optical diffuser and a first reflective polarizer disposed on the optical diffuser is described. For substantially normally incident light and for nonoverlapping first and second wavelength ranges: the optical diffuser has a first scattering rate R1 for at least one wavelength in the first wavelength range, and a second scattering rate R2 for at least one wavelength in the second wavelength range, such that R1/R2 is greater than or equal to 2. The first reflective polarizer may transmit at least 40% of light for a first polarization state for each wavelength in the first wavelength range, may reflect at least 70% of light for an orthogonal 10 second polarization state for each wavelength in the first wavelength range, and transmit at least 40% of light for each of the first and second polarization states and for each wavelength in the second wavelength range.

Abstract: An optical stack (100) includes an optical diffuser (10) and a first reflective polarizer (40) disposed on the optical diffuser (10). For substantially normally incident light and for nonoverlapping first and second wavelength ranges, the optical diffuser (10) has a first scattering rate R1 for at least one wavelength in the first wavelength range, and a second scattering rate R2 for at least one wavelength in the second wavelength range, such that R1/R2 is greater than or equal to 2. The first reflective polarizer (40) may transmit at least 40% of light for a first polarization state for each wavelength in the first wavelength range, may reflect at least 70% of light for an orthogonal second polarization state for each wavelength in the first wavelength range, and transmit at least 40% of light for each of the first and second polarization states and for each wavelength in the second wavelength range.

Abstract: A display system includes visible light emitting first devices configured to emit a first light having at least a first visible wavelength; ultraviolet light emitting second devices configured to emit a second light having at least a second ultraviolet wavelength; a display panel disposed on the first and second devices; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the first and second devices, such that the reflective polarizer has, for the visible wavelength, an average optical reflectance of greater than about 50% when an incident light is polarized along an in-plane first direction and an average optical transmittance of greater than about 50% when the incident light is polarized along an in-plane orthogonal second direction; and an optical transmission of greater than about 30% for the at least the second wavelength and for at least one of the first and second polarization states.

Abstract: A display system includes a substrate, an optically reflecting first film defining a plurality of first openings across a length and a width of the first major surface, pluralities of visible light emitting first devices, infrared light emitting second devices, and infrared light detecting third devices disposed in the first openings of the first film and mounted on the substrate, and an optically reflecting second film disposed on the pluralities of first, second, and third devices and the optically reflecting first film opposite the substrate. For a visible wavelength range and an infrared wavelength range, the first film has an average reflectance of greater than about 60% for each of the visible and infrared wavelength ranges, and the second film has an average reflectance of greater than about 60% for the visible wavelength range and an average transmittance of greater than about 50% for the infrared wavelength range.

Abstract: An optical stack includes a substrate, a radio-wave anti-reflection sheet configured to reduce reflection from the optical stack of radio waves at a predetermined operating frequency, and a visible light reflective, infrared light transmissive multilayer optical film disposed between the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet and the substrate. For radiation substantially normally incident on the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet and for a first frequency range at least 20 GHz wide, centered on the predetermined operating frequency, and disposed between about 1 GHz and about 120 GHz, a return loss of the optical stack is asymmetric about the predetermined operating frequency in the first frequency range. The optical stack has a largest return loss S11L in the first frequency range of less than ?10 dB and a difference between the largest return loss S11L and a smallest return loss S11S in the first frequency range is less than about 2 dB.

Abstract: An optical stack (100) includes a substrate (110), a radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) configured to reduce reflection from the optical stack (100) of radio waves at a predetermined operating frequency (f), and a visible light reflective, infrared light transmissive multilayer optical film (120) disposed between the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) and the substrate (110). For radiation substantially normally incident on the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) and for a first frequency range at least 20 GHZ wide, centered on the predetermined operating frequency (f), and disposed between about 1 GHZ and about 120 GHZ, a return loss of the optical stack (100) is asymmetric about the predetermined operating frequency (f) in the first frequency range. The optical stack (100) has a largest return loss S11L in the first frequency range of less than ?10 dB and a difference between the largest return loss S11L and a smallest return loss S11S in the first frequency range is less than about 2 dB.

Abstract: The method includes: performing blockchain storage area allocation for transaction broadcast data; establishing a peer-to-peer transmission mechanism and a trust mechanism between nodes by the blockchain; acquiring network transaction broadcast data that needs to be subjected to blockchain storage; and recording, storing and managing the network transaction broadcast data; where the network transaction broadcast data is managed by dividing blockchain data into hot data and cold data; the hot data is stored in each of the blockchain nodes; and the cold data is divided into N parts to be correspondingly stored in N nodes of the blockchain nodes; and the hot data is data that needs to be frequently accessed by computing nodes, and the cold data is data that is infrequently accessed.

Abstract: A display system includes visible light emitting first devices configured to emit a first light having at least a first visible wavelength; ultraviolet light emitting second devices configured to emit a second light having at least a second ultraviolet wavelength; a display panel disposed on the first and second devices; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the first and second devices, such that the reflective polarizer has, for the visible wavelength, an average optical reflectance of greater than about 50% when an incident light is polarized along an in-plane first direction and an average optical transmittance of greater than about 50% when the incident light is polarized along an in-plane orthogonal second direction; and an optical transmission of greater than about 30% for the at least the second wavelength and for at least one of the first and second polarization states.

Abstract: An optical stack (100) includes a substrate (110), a radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) configured to reduce reflection from the optical stack (100) of radio waves at a predetermined operating frequency (f), and a visible light reflective, infrared light transmissive multilayer optical film (120) disposed between the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) and the substrate (110). For N radiation substantially normally incident on the radio-wave anti-reflection sheet (130) and for a first frequency range at least 20 GHz wide, centered on the predetermined operating frequency (f), and disposed between about 1 GHz and about 120 GHz, a return loss of the optical stack (100) is asymmetric about the predetermined operating frequency (f) in the first frequency range. The optical stack (100) has a largest return loss S11L in the first frequency range of less than ?10 dB and a difference between the largest return loss S11L and a smallest return loss S11S in the first frequency range is less than about 2 dB.

Abstract: A display system includes visible light emitting first devices configured to emit a first light having at least a first visible wavelength; ultraviolet light emitting second devices configured to emit a second light having at least a second ultraviolet wavelength; a display panel disposed on the first and second devices; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the first and second devices, such that the reflective polarizer has, for the visible wavelength, an average optical reflectance of greater than about 50% when an incident light is polarized along an in-plane first direction and an average optical transmittance of greater than about 50% when the incident light is polarized along an in-plane orthogonal second direction; and an optical transmission of greater than about 30% for the at least the second wavelength and for at least one of the first and second polarization states.

Abstract: An electronic device (200) includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel (204), a cover layer (218), one or more light sources (224), and an optical sensor module (226). The LCD panel (204) receives a contact input associated with a fingerprint of a user. The cover layer (218) includes a first major surface (228) and a second major surface (230) opposite to the first major surface (228), and is disposed on the LCD panel (204). The cover layer (218) defines a first axis (AA?) normal to the first major surface (228). The optical sensor module (226) receives a light from the predetermined fingerprint sensing area (222) to detect the fingerprint. The optical sensor module (226) at least partially overlaps with the predetermined fingerprint sensing area (222) along the plane of the first major surface (228). The optical sensor module (226) defines a second axis (BB?) normal to a surface of the optical sensor module (226).

Abstract: A display system for sensing a user body portion, including a display panel configured to form an image for viewing by the user, an optical reflector having a plurality of polymeric layers, and at least one optical sensor for sensing a visible light having at least one visible wavelength and an infrared light having at least one infrared wavelength. The optical sensor senses the visible and infrared lights after the visible and infrared lights are transmitted by the optical reflector. The optical reflector has an average optical reflectance greater than 80% in the visible wavelength range, an optical transmittance greater than about 50% at the infrared wavelength, an optical transmittance of greater than about 2% and less than about 10% at the visible wavelength, and an optical transmittance versus wavelength with a bandpass segment having a full width at half maximum that includes the visible wavelength.

Abstract: An electronic device (200) includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel (204), a cover layer (218), one or more light sources (224), and an optical sensor module (226). The LCD panel (204) receives a contact input associated with a fingerprint of a user. The cover layer (218) includes a first major surface (228) and a second major surface (230) opposite to the first major surface (228), and is disposed on the LCD panel (204). The cover layer (218) defines a first axis (AA?) normal to the first major surface (228). The optical sensor module (226) receives a light from the predetermined fingerprint sensing area (222) to detect the fingerprint. The optical sensor module (226) at least partially overlaps with the predetermined fingerprint sensing area (222) along the plane of the first major surface (228). The optical sensor module (226) defines a second axis (BB?) normal to a surface of the optical sensor module (226).

Abstract: A housing (185) for an electronic device (170) includes an optical film (100) having an optical transmittance for substantially normally incident light having a band edge separating first and second wavelength ranges, where the first wavelength range extends from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and the second wavelength range is at least about 100 nm wide and disposed between about 800 nm and about 1100 nm. For substantially normally incident light, an average optical reflectance of the optical film is greater than about 90% in the first wavelength range, and an average optical transmittance of the optical film is greater than about 80% in the second wavelength range. For at least one frequency in a range of about 0.1 GHz to about 90 GHz and for substantially normally incident radiation, the optical film transmits at least about 95% of the incident radiation.

Abstract: A display system includes visible light emitting first devices configured to emit a first light having at least a first visible wavelength; ultraviolet light emitting second devices configured to emit a second light having at least a second ultraviolet wavelength; a display panel disposed on the first and second devices; and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the first and second devices, such that the reflective polarizer has, for the visible wavelength, an average optical reflectance of greater than about 50% when an incident light is polarized along an in-plane first direction and an average optical transmittance of greater than about 50% when the incident light is polarized along an in-plane orthogonal second direction; and an optical transmission of greater than about 30% for the at least the second wavelength and for at least one of the first and second polarization states.

Abstract: The method includes: performing blockchain storage area allocation for transaction broadcast data; establishing a peer-to-peer transmission mechanism and a trust mechanism between nodes by the blockchain; acquiring network transaction broadcast data that needs to be subjected to blockchain storage; and recording, storing and managing the network transaction broadcast data; where the network transaction broadcast data is managed by dividing blockchain data into hot data and cold data; the hot data is stored in each of the blockchain nodes; and the cold data is divided into N parts to be correspondingly stored in N nodes of the blockchain nodes; and the hot data is data that needs to be frequently accessed by computing nodes, and the cold data is data that is infrequently accessed.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a method for perfusion analysis. The method may include: obtaining a plurality of scan images corresponding to a plurality of time points; obtaining a plurality of time-density discrete points based on the plurality of scan images; determining an initial time-density curve based on the plurality of time-density discrete points, the initial time-density curve indicating a density variation of a contrast agent in an organ or tissue over time, the organ or tissue corresponding to a pixel or voxel in the plurality of scan images; obtaining a first perfusion model; determining a first perfusion parameter based on the first perfusion model and the initial time-density curve; obtaining a second perfusion model; and determining a second perfusion parameter based on the second perfusion model and the first perfusion parameter.