Abstract: The current invention relates to a gargle dosage formulation and a method for removing the bitter taste in oral medication or food. Particularly, this bitter-removal formulation comprises at least one of two preparations, the first preparation and the second preparation. The current invention also discloses a method of using the preparations before and after taking oral medication or food. Right before taking oral medication or food, the first preparation is used to gargle the user's oral cavity. After it is spat out, the first preparation forms a thin layer on the surface of the oral mucosa to cover, shield, and protect taste buds from the direct contact with oral medication or food. Immediately after oral medication or food is taken, the second preparation is used to gargle and clean the user's taste buds, which effectively elutes mucosa-binding bitter ingredients from the oral cavity.

Abstract: Parenteral formulations of peptides which are useful for sustained release are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of preparation for the formulations.

Abstract: Parenteral formulations of peptides which are useful for sustained release are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of preparation for the formulations.

Abstract: Parenteral formulations of peptides which are useful for sustained release are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of preparation for the formulations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of disaccharides, such as glucosaminyl muramic acids peptides and derivatives. The method includes condensing a protected muramic acid ester with a 1-organothio- or 1-fluoroglucosamine derivative in the presence of a suitable promoter to produce a protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester. The protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester may be used to prepare disaccharide peptides, such as N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides, which have demonstrated immunological activity. Protected muramic acid esters and 1-organothio- or 1-fluoro-glucosamine compounds which may be employed as intermediates in the method are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the preparation of disaccharides, such as glucosaminyl muramic acids peptides and derivatives. The method includes condensing a protected muramic acid ester with a 1-organothio- or 1-fluoroglucosamine derivative in the presence of a suitable promoter to produce a protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester. The protected glucosaminyl muramic acid ester may be used to prepare disaccharide peptides, such as N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides, which have demonstrated immunological activity. Protected muramic acid esters and 1-organothio- or 1-fluoro- glucosamine compounds which may be employed as intermediates in the method are also provided.