Abstract: A dimming member includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dimming film. The dimming film includes a first substrate, a first conductive layer, a dimming layer, a second conductive layer, and a second substrate that are stacked in sequence. The dimming layer, the first conductive layer, and the second conductive layer cooperatively define an accommodating space. The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in the accommodating space. The first electrode is attached to the first conductive layer at one side of the first conductive layer away from the first substrate and is electrically connected to the first conductive layer. The second electrode is attached to the second conductive layer at one side of the second conductive layer away from the second substrate and is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.

Abstract: Vehicle designers are largely walking away from internal-combustion engines to battery and electric motors. Until infrastructure is developed to support total electrification, hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) which include both an internal combustion engine and an electric machine are a step toward electrification and higher system fuel efficiency while retaining the expected vehicle range. To obtain even higher system fuel efficiency combustion modes that provide higher efficiency than spark-ignition (SI) operation can be used in HEVs. A problem with such combustion modes is that they cannot be used over as wide an operating range as SI operation and transitions among modes is slow and cumbersome. By having the ICE installed into a HEV be a multi-combustion mode engine and having the EM to coordinate mode switches to be smooth, the high fuel-efficiency of alternative combustion modes can be exploited while providing smooth operation expected by vehicle users.

Abstract: Vehicle designers are largely walking away from internal-combustion engines to battery and electric motors. Until infrastructure is developed to support total electrification, hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) which include both an internal combustion engine and an electric machine are a step toward electrification and higher system fuel efficiency while retaining the expected vehicle range. To obtain even higher system fuel efficiency combustion modes that provide higher efficiency than spark-ignition (SI) operation can be used in HEVs. A problem with such combustion modes is that they cannot be used over as wide an operating range as SI operation and transitions among modes is slow and cumbersome. By having the ICE installed into a HEV be a multi-combustion mode engine and having the EM to coordinate mode switches to be smooth, the high fuel-efficiency of alternative combustion modes can be exploited while providing smooth operation expected by vehicle users.

Abstract: Engine combustion mode-switching transitions are controlled through a coordination control of an electric machine and a multi-combustion mode engine coupled to each other with a hybrid propulsion system by following predetermined combustion mode-switching strategies and control algorithms.

Abstract: A poppet valve operating system for an internal combustion engine features variable valve lift and camshaft phasing. A planetary phaser uses control inputs which are shared with a variable lift mechanism. The phaser adjustment and the variable lift mechanism are controlled by a single positioning motor.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an HCCI air intake system for HEV, wherein the air outlet of the compressor is simultaneously connected to a hot channel and a cold channel, the hot channel is connected to the cylinder of the HCCI gasoline engine via the electrical drive system, coolant heat exchanger, engine exhaust heat exchanger and a throttle valve, while the cold channel is directly connected to the cylinder of the HCCI gasoline engine via another throttle valve. The hot channel is provided with at least one bypass valve for discharging air.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for a dual mode HCCI engine, which provides superior intake temperature control and homogeneity for engine operation in SI and HCCI modes, as well as during transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa. The system includes adjusted intake cam movement event lengths for intake valve operation at specified modes of operation. The system further includes at least one cam profile switching device operatively connected to intake and exhaust valves in an engine for controlling event length, maximum lift, and valve opening/closing timings for the intake and exhaust valves. The system yet further includes a bifurcated intake system and camless valve actuators for controlling intake valves for facilitating operation in SI or HCCI modes, as well as transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa.

Abstract: A poppet valve operating system for an internal combustion engine features variable valve lift and camshaft phasing. A planetary phaser uses control inputs which are shared with a variable lift mechanism. The phaser adjustment and the variable lift mechanism are controlled by a single positioning motor.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for a dual mode HCCI engine, which provides superior intake temperature control and homogeneity for engine operation in SI and HCCI modes, as well as during transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa. The system includes adjusted intake cam movement event lengths for intake valve operation at specified modes of operation. The system further includes at least one cam profile switching device operatively connected to intake and exhaust valves in an engine for controlling event length, maximum lift, and valve opening/closing timings for the intake and exhaust valves. The system yet further includes a bifurcated intake system and camless valve actuators for controlling intake valves for facilitating operation in SI or HCCI modes, as well as transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for a dual mode HCCI engine, which provides superior intake temperature control and homogeneity for engine operation in SI and HCCI modes, as well as during transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa. The system includes adjusted intake cam movement event lengths for intake valve operation at specified modes of operation. The system further includes at least one cam profile switching device operatively connected to intake and exhaust valves in an engine for controlling event length, maximum lift, and valve opening/closing timings for the intake and exhaust valves. The system yet further includes a bifurcated intake system and camless valve actuators for controlling intake valves for facilitating operation in SI or HCCI modes, as well as transition between SI and HCCI modes and vice-versa.

Abstract: A poppet valve operating system for an internal combustion engine includes a finger follower which is driven by an intermediate rocker. The intermediate rocker selectively converts motion imparted by a drive cam into either a purely translational trajectory, or into a mixed translational and rotational trajectory, so as to open a poppet valve which is ultimately actuated by a finger follower interposed between the intermediate rocker and the valve.

Abstract: A variable lift cylinder valve system for an internal combustion engine includes a poppet valve operated by a rocker arm which is articulated about a translational pivot having its placement determined by a control shaft which operates a control arm in contact with the translational pivot such that rotation of the control shaft produces translational motion of the pivot so as to control the lift ratio of the rocker arm.

Abstract: A variable lift cylinder valve system for an internal combustion engine includes a poppet valve operated by a rocker arm which is articulated about a translational pivot having its placement determined by a control shaft which operates a control arm in contact with the translational pivot such that rotation of the control shaft produces translational motion of the pivot so as to control the lift ratio of the rocker arm.

Abstract: Both a pneumatic, linear actuator operating as a slave actuator and a master linear actuator formed by an electric motor driven screw mechanism are linked to drive a load. The high accuracy master linear actuator has a conventional control system which dominates the control of load position or other control variable. A force sensor detects the force applied to the load by the master actuator or the force is calculated by a computer and the sensed force signal is applied to a slave actuator control to cause the slave to apply a supplemental force, typically considerably greater than the master actuator force, to the load as a function of the master actuator force. This obtains the high accuracy characteristic of the master actuator system simultaneously with the high force characteristic of the slave actuator.