Abstract: Colposcopes having light emitters and image capture devices and associated methods are disclosed. According to an aspect, a colposcope includes an elongate body having a distal end, a proximate end, and an axis extending between the distal end and the proximate end. The colposcope also includes a balloon attached to the elongate body and configured to be inflated to expand in a direction away from the axis of the elongate body. Further the colposcope includes an image capture device attached to the distal end of the elongate body and positioned to capture images of an area outside the elongate body. The colposcope also includes one or more light emitters attached to the distal end of the elongate body and positioned to generate and direct light towards the area outside of the elongate body.