Abstract: This disclosure describes processes and systems for generating a seismic image of a subterranean formation from recorded seismic data gathers obtained in a marine seismic survey of the subterranean formation. The seismic data comprises recorded pressure and vertical velocity wavefields that are used to separate the recorded pressure wavefield into upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields. A seismic image is computed from the subterranean formation based on a product of the downgoing pressure wavefield and a migration operator applied to the upgoing pressure wavefield. The downgoing pressure wavefield is a boundary source wavefield and the upgoing pressure wavefield is boundary receiver wavefield of the migration operator. The seismic image is iteratively updated by computing a residual seismic image based on the upgoing pressure wavefield and adding the residual seismic image to the seismic image.

Abstract: Inversion for marine seismic imaging of a full reflected wavefield can include generating an image of a subsurface formation by full wavefield migrating a recorded seismic wavefield and generating numerically modeled data using the image. A mismatch between the numerically modeled data and the seismic wavefield can be determined. Responsive to determining that the mismatch exceeds an inversion match threshold, the image can be updated using the mismatch between the numerically modeled data and the seismic wavefield.

Abstract: Inversion for marine seismic imaging of a full reflected wavefield can include generating an image of a subsurface formation by full wavefield migrating a recorded seismic wavefield and generating numerically modeled data using the image. A mismatch between the numerically modeled data and the seismic wavefield can be determined. Responsive to determining that the mismatch exceeds an inversion match threshold, the image can be updated using the mismatch between the numerically modeled data and the seismic wavefield.

Abstract: This disclosure describes processes and systems for generating a seismic image of a subterranean formation from recorded seismic data gathers obtained in a marine seismic survey of the subterranean formation. The seismic data comprises recorded pressure and vertical velocity wavefields that are used to separate the recorded pressure wavefield into upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields. A seismic image is computed from the subterranean formation based on a product of the downgoing pressure wavefield and a migration operator applied to the upgoing pressure wavefield. The downgoing pressure wavefield is a boundary source wavefield and the upgoing pressure wavefield is boundary receiver wavefield of the migration operator. The seismic image is iteratively updated by computing a residual seismic image based on the upgoing pressure wavefield and adding the residual seismic image to the seismic image.

Abstract: A method of processing data that uses an angle dependent filter from two-component sensor data allows for attenuation of free surface multiples. Typically, the sensors that are used to produce two-component ocean bottom sensor data are hydrophones and geophones. The method decomposes the recorded dual sensor data into upgoing and downgoing wavefields by combining the recorded pressure at the hydrophone with the vertical particle velocity from the geophone recorded at the ocean floor. Surface multiple attenuation is accomplished by application of an incident angle dependent deconvolution of the downgoing wavefield from the upgoing wavefield. The method uses an angle dependent filter to calibrate the geophone response so that the different coupling of the two instruments and associated noise are taken into account. In a further embodiment, a method of attenuation of multiple reflections in seismic data is provided. The seismic data comprises pressure data and particle velocity data.

Abstract: A method of processing data that uses an angle dependent filter from two-component sensor data allows for attenuation of free surface multiples. Typically, the sensors that are used to produce two-component ocean bottom sensor data are hydrophones and geophones. The method decomposes the recorded dual sensor data into upgoing and downgoing wavefields by combining the recorded pressure at the hydrophone with the vertical particle velocity from the geophone recorded at the ocean floor. Surface multiple attenuation is accomplished by application of an incident angle dependent deconvolution of the downgoing wavefield from the upgoing wavefield. The method uses an angle dependent filter to calibrate the geophone response so that the different coupling of the two instruments and associated noise are taken into account.

Abstract: A method of processing data that uses an angle dependent filter from two-component sensor data may allow for attenuation of free surface multiples. Typically, the sensors that are used to produce two-component ocean bottom sensor data are hydrophones and geophones. The method decomposes the recorded dual sensor data into upgoing and downgoing wavefields by combining the recorded pressure at the hydrophone with the vertical particle velocity from the geophone recorded at the ocean floor. Surface multiple attenuation is accomplished by application of an incident angle dependent deconvolution of the downgoing wavefield from the upgoing wavefield. The method uses an angle dependent filter to calibrate the geophone response so that the different coupling of the two instruments and associated noise are taken into account.