Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for inhibiting release of extracellular vesicles from a cell infected by a virus. One aspect of the disclosure relates to methods for treating viral diseases, reducing damage to a neuron from the central neural system (“CNS”) and/or treating neuroinflammation in a subject. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for inhibiting transcription of a viral RNA and/or release of extracellular vesicles from a cell infected by a virus.

Abstract: A system and method configured to achieve hydrogel particle treatment for the reduction of metastatic burden in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model is described. The system seeks to achieve methodic optimization for the extraction and purification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cultured cells as well as from fresh breast cancer interstitium. Similarly, the system provides for lymph node remodeling by human breast cancer EVs in a humanized mouse model. Hydrogel particles are employed to convey cytokine releasing and EV-displaying treatment to afflicted bodies.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing and imaging a sample containing molecules of interest combines modified MALDI mass spectrometer and SNOM devices and techniques and includes: (A) an atmospheric pressure or near-atmospheric pressure ionization region; (B) a sample holder for holding the sample; (C) a laser for illuminating said sample; (D) a mass spectrometer having at least one evacuated chamber; (E) an atmospheric pressure interface for connecting said ionization region and said mass spectrometer; (F) a scanning near-field optical microscopy instrument; (G) a recording device for recording topography and mass spectrum measurements made during scanning of the sample with the near-field probe; (H) a plotting device for plotting said topography and mass spectrum measurements as separate x-y mappings; and (I) an imaging device for providing images of the x-y mappings.

Abstract: A viral modulator and process thereof. A method may include contacting one or more viral modulators to one or more biological systems. A biological system may be configured to be infected by one or more virus. A virus may include an HIV virus, a VEEV virus and/or the like. A viral modulator may include a viral inhibitor and/or a viral activator.

Abstract: A viral modulator and process thereof. A method may include contacting one or more viral modulators to one or more biological systems. A biological system may be configured to be infected by one or more virus. A virus may include an HIV virus, a VEEV virus and/or the like. A viral modulator may include a viral inhibitor and/or a viral activator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for inhibiting the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), by contacting a cell with at least one compound according to Formula I. The substituent groups R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, A and B are as defined above. Also contemplated is a method for treating or preventing a HIV-1 infection in a subject, by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula I, as well as a method for modulating the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) in a cell infected with HIV-1 using a Formula I compound.

Abstract: Processes to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are included.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a method of mass spectrometry may generally comprise subjecting a sample comprising at least one indicator to laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; determining a relative intensity of the indicator; and comparing the relative intensity of the indicator to a standard indicator intensity. Subjecting a sample to laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry may comprise ablating the sample with an infrared laser under ambient conditions to form an ablation plume; intercepting the ablation plume by an electrospray plume; and detecting the indicator by mass spectrometry. The method of mass spectrometry may comprise classifying the sample as belonging to or not belonging to the standard indicator intensity. A sample not belonging to the standard indicator intensity may indicate that the sample is predicted to comprise a disease state.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing and imaging a sample containing molecules of interest combines modified MALDI mass spectrometer and SNOM devices and techniques, and includes: (A) an atmospheric-pressure or near-atmospheric-pressure ionization region; (B) a sample holder for holding the sample; (C) a laser for illuminating said sample; (D) a mass spectrometer having at least one evacuated vacuum chamber; (E) an atmospheric pressure interface connecting said ionization region and said mass spectrometer; (F) a scanning near-field optical microscopy instrument comprising a near-field probe for scanning the sample; a vacuum capillary nozzle for sucking in particles which are desorbed by said laser, the nozzle being connected to an inlet orifice of said atmospheric pressure interface; a scanner platform connected to the sample holder, the platform being movable to a distance within a near-field distance of the probe; and a controller for maintaining distance information about a current distance between said probe

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing and imaging a sample containing molecules of interest combines modified MALDI mass spectrometer and SNOM devices and techniques, and includes: (A) an atmospheric-pressure or near-atmospheric-pressure ionization region; (B) a sample holder for holding the sample; (C) a laser for illuminating said sample; (D) a mass spectrometer having at least one evacuated vacuum chamber; (E) an atmospheric pressure interface connecting said ionization region and said mass spectrometer; (F) a scanning near-field optical microscopy instrument comprising a near-field probe for scanning the sample; a vacuum capillary nozzle for sucking in particles which are desorbed by said laser, the nozzle being connected to an inlet orifice of said atmospheric pressure interface; a scanner platform connected to the sample holder, the platform being movable to a distance within a near-field distance of the probe; and a controller for maintaining distance information about a current distance between said probe

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing and imaging a sample containing molecules of interest combines modified MALDI mass spectrometer and SNOM devices and techniques, and includes: (A) an atmospheric-pressure or near-atmospheric-pressure ionization region; (B) a sample holder for holding the sample; (C) a laser for illuminating said sample; (D) a mass spectrometer having at least one evacuated vacuum chamber; (E) an atmospheric pressure interface connecting said ionization region and said mass spectrometer; (F) a scanning near-field optical microscopy instrument comprising a near-field probe for scanning the sample; a vacuum capillary nozzle for sucking in particles which are desorbed by said laser, the nozzle being connected to an inlet orifice of said atmospheric pressure interface; a scanner platform connected to the sample holder, the platform being movable to a distance within a near-field distance of the probe; and a controller for maintaining distance information about a current distance between said probe

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting replication of HIV in a mammalian cell. The compositions can be a peptide, or a nucleic acids encoding a peptide, which inhibits transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I 1