Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for confirming that a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient is suffering from a relapse. In particular, methods comprising: comparing a concentration of one or more metabolite(s) present in a sample obtained from the patient with the concentration of the same one or more metabolite(s) in a reference standard, wherein the one or more metabolite(s) are selected from: leucine, lysine, asparagine, phenylalanine, glucose, ?-hydroxybutyrate, myo-inositol, a lipoprotein having a —CH3 group of an HDL and/or LDL, a lipoprotein having a —CH3 group of a VLDL, a lipoprotein having a —(CH2)n group of an HDL and/or LDL, a lipoprotein having a ?CH2 group, and an N-acetylated glycoprotein; and confirming or not that the patient is suffering from a relapse.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for diagnosing cancer, the method comprising: (a) comparing a concentration of one or more metabolite(s) present in a sample obtained from a subject with the concentration of the same one or more metabolite(s) in a reference standard, wherein the one or more metabolite(s) are selected from: a lipoprotein, myo-inositol, glucose, ?-hydroxybutyrate, ?-hydroxybutyric acid, an N-acetylated glycoprotein (NAC), threonine, lactate, lactic acid, acetate, and acetic acid; and (b) diagnosing cancer when: (i) the concentration of one or more metabolite(s) selected from: myo-inositol glucose, ?-hydroxybutyrate, ?-hydroxybutyric acid, NAC, and threonine is higher in the sample relative to the reference standard, wherein the reference standard is a non-cancer reference standard; and/or (ii) the concentration of one or more metabolite(s) selected from: a lipoprotein, lactate, lactic acid, acetate, and acetic acid is lower in the sample relative to the reference standard, wherein

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining conversion of a subject from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS), the method comprising: a. providing a sample obtained from the subject, wherein the subject has, or is suspected of having, CIS (preferably has CIS); b. measuring a concentration of: i. one or more polypeptides in the sample; and/or ii. one or more metabolites in the sample; c. comparing the measured concentration with the concentration of the same one or more polypeptides and/or metabolites, respectively, in a reference standard; and d. determining that the subject will convert from CIS to CDMS based on the comparison, or determining that the subject will not convert from CIS to CDMS based on the comparison. The invention also relates to methods for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), to methods for determining prognosis of MS and to therapeutics and their uses in a method of treating MS in a subject.