Abstract: To support a wide range of code rates in probabilistic shaping based modulation schemes solutions, a constellation which is at least based on a trained model is used in the modulation. Depending on an implementation the trained model may be a constellation comprising a plurality of sub-constellations with trained parameters as constellation points, or the trained model may be for generating a constellation and corresponding constellation points.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising a combiner for combining a received analog signal with an analog dithering signal to produce a combined analog signal, a one-bit analog-to-digital converter for converting the combined analog signal to a combined digital signal, means for performing joint downsampling and feature extraction for the combined digital signal, means for implementing a trained machine-learning algorithm for calculating one or more input parameters for waveform generation at least based on one or more features extracted from the combined digital signal and a parametric waveform generator for generating the analog dithering signal based on the one or more input parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is described including obtaining or generating a transmitter-training sequence of messages for a transmission system, wherein the transmission system includes a transmitter, a channel and a receiver, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights and the receiver includes a receiver algorithm having at least some trainable weights; transmitting perturbed versions of the transmitter-training sequence of messages over the transmission system; receiving first receiver loss function data at the transmitter, the first receiver loss function data being generated based on a received-training sequence as received at the receiver and knowledge of the transmitter training sequence of messages for the transmission system; and training at least some weights of the transmitter algorithm based on first receiver loss function data and knowledge of the transmitter-training sequence of messages and the perturbed versions of the transmitter-training seque

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program are described includes obtaining or generating a transmitter-training sequence of messages for a first transmitter of a first module of a transmission system, wherein the transmission system includes the first module having the first transmitter and a first receiver, a second module having a second transmitter and a second receiver, and a channel, wherein the first transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights; transmitting a perturbed version of the transmitter-training sequence of messages from the first transmitter to the second receiver over the channel of the transmission system; receiving a first loss function at the first receiver from the second transmitter, wherein the first loss function is based on the transmitted perturbed versions of the transmitter-training sequence of messages as received at the second receiver and knowledge of the transmitter-training sequence of messages for the first transmitter of the transmissio

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and computer programs are described including receiving a sequence of messages at a correction module of a transmission system, wherein the transmission system includes a transmitter, a channel, the correction module and a receiver, wherein the correction module includes a correction algorithm having at least some trainable weights; converting the received sequence of messages into a converted sequence of messages using the correction algorithm; receiving a reward or loss function from the receiver based on the modified sequence of messages; and training at least some weights of the correction algorithm based on the received reward or loss function.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, receiver and system provide timing synchronization during data transmission over a channel. In the context of a method, the method receives, for individual ones of a plurality of sequences of samples generated by a channel in response to transmission of corresponding frames that are comprised of a plurality of symbols including a preamble and one or more data symbols: (i) a probability vector and (ii) an indication of the sample of the respective sequence that corresponds to the particular symbol of the corresponding frame. The method determines one or more updated parameters of a frame detector of a receiver that receives the sequence of samples from the channel. The method determines one or more updated parameters of a preamble generator of a transmitter that provides the preamble for transmission over the channel.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, receiver and system provide for configurability of the modulation order of a communications system, such as an autoencoder-based communication system. With respect to a system including a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter encodes a message into a vector of channel symbols for transmission via a channel. The message is encoded pursuant to a modulation order m that is adjustable up to a maximum modulation order Mmax. The receiver receives a vector of samples generated by the channel and determines a first prediction vector for the message encoded by the transmitter. The receiver includes a slicing layer to eliminate one or more elements of the first prediction vector if the modulation order m is less than the maximum modulation order Mmax so as to generate a second prediction vector tailored to the modulation order from which a prediction of the message encoded by the transmitter is identified.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, receiver and system provide timing synchronization during data transmission over a channel. In the context of a method, the method receives, for individual ones of a plurality of sequences of samples generated by a channel in response to transmission of corresponding frames that are comprised of a plurality of symbols including a preamble and one or more data symbols: (i) a probability vector and (ii) an indication of the sample of the respective sequence that corresponds to the particular symbol of the corresponding frame. The method determines one or more updated parameters of a frame detector of a receiver that receives the sequence of samples from the channel. The method determines one or more updated parameters of a preamble generator of a transmitter that provides the preamble for transmission over the channel.