Abstract: A path computation engine (16) computes a path (14) over which data (12) is to be conveyed in a communication network (10). The path computation engine (16) obtains a vulnerability score set and a remediation level set for each node (10-1 . . . 10-N) that is a candidate for including in the path (14). The vulnerability score set obtained for a node (10-1 . . . 10-N) includes common vulnerability score(s) (20C) for one or more security vulnerabilities applicable to the node (10-1 . . . 10-N), with the common vulnerability score (20C) for a security vulnerability quantifying an extent to which the security vulnerability is exploitable and/or impactful. The remediation level set obtained for a node (10-1 . . . 10-N) includes remediation level(s) (18) for the one or more security vulnerabilities that are applicable to the node (10-1 . . . 10-N), with the remediation level (18) for a security vulnerability quantifying an extent to which the node (10-1 . . . 10-N) has remediated the security vulnerability.

Abstract: A management system (200) configures logging in telecommunication networks executing one or more services (230) in a distributed workflow. To accomplish its function, the management system obtains vulnerability information for one or more services currently deployed in a communications network. The vulnerability information comprises, for each of the one or more services a vulnerability identifier (VID) identifying a vulnerability of the service and a vulnerability score indicating a severity of the vulnerability. So obtained, the management system configures a logging framework (220) to generate trace records (406, 424) for a service currently deployed in the communications network to include the VID and the vulnerability score of the service. The management system configures the logging framework to generate the trace records on a use case basis. Therefore, each of the trace records are generated to identify a particular use case and use case instance associated with the execution of the service.

Abstract: A network, a transmitter, a receiver, a method, a computer program and a computer program product for providing an indication of personal data in an HTTP message including a body is disclosed. The network includes the transmitter and the receiver. The network appends a header field to the HTTP message by the transmitter, wherein the appended header field indicates either presence or absence of personal data in the body, transmits the HTTP message including the appended header field to the receiver from the transmitter, receives the HTTP message including the appended header field and determines if the HTTP message includes personal data in the body based on the appended header field.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanobubble generators that involve a split-manipulate-recombine configuration to produce a high concentration of nanobubbles in a continuous manner. One such nanobubble generator includes (a) an inlet configured to receive a liquid stream comprising dissolved gas; (b) means in communication with the liquid stream configured to manipulate the liquid stream to form a first liquid substream and a second liquid substream in which the solubility of gas in the first liquid substream is different from the solubility of gas in the second liquid substream; (c) a mixer in communication with the first and second liquid substreams configured to combine the first and second liquid substreams to form a discharge stream comprising nanobubbles in a liquid carrier; and (d) an outlet configured to discharge the discharge stream, wherein the discharge stream comprises at least 106 nanobubbles per cm3.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing chlorine gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 106 nanobubbles per cm3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chlorine-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce chlorine gas.

Abstract: Described here are apparatuses and methods for producing a composition comprising nano-bubbles dispersed in a liquid carrier. One such method includes flowing a liquid carrier from an inlet through at least two channels each including a triboelectric material, including flowing the liquid carrier such that a Reynolds number of the flow of the liquid carrier through the at least two channels is less than 3000. Flowing the liquid carrier through the at least two channels produces vibrational energy that causes: (i) the liquid carrier to contact the triboelectric material such that an electric charge is generated in the triboelectric material; and (ii) the liquid carrier to separate from the triboelectric material such that the electric charge is discharged to the liquid carrier to form nano-bubbles dispersed in the liquid carrier.

Abstract: Aspects of embodiments provide methods and network controllers for routing packets of data traffic in software defined networks (SDN). A method comprises obtaining, by a network controller for each of a plurality of network devices of the SDN, a security metric value; and determining, by the network controller, a route for the packet in the SDN based on the obtained security metric values for the plurality of network devices. The security metric value of each network device is calculated based on security characteristics of at least one of: a configuration of the network device; a virtual Network Function (vNF) or containerised Network Function (cNF) hosting a network device software instance; and a cloud infrastructure configuration supporting the vNF or cNF hosting the network device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 107 nanobubbles per cm3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A nanobubble generator includes a pipe and an energy source. The pipe includes an external surface, an internal surface, an internal cavity through which liquid can flow, a liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet. The internal cavity is configured to create a reduced pressure zone between the liquid inlet and liquid outlet. The nanobubble generator also includes an energy source. The energy source includes (a) a power supply, a signal generator, and at least one electrical conductor configured to apply an oscillating magnetic field to the pipe, (b) a power supply and a pair of electrical conductors configured to generate an electrical arc between the two electrical conductors and apply the electrical arc to the pipe, or (c) a combination thereof. The generator creates nanobubbles in the absence of an external source of gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 107 nanobubbles per cm3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing chlorine gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 106 nanobubbles per cm3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chlorine-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce chlorine gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 107 nanobubbles per cm3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A nano-bubble-generating apparatus includes: an elongate housing defining an interior cavity adapted for receiving a liquid carrier, a liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet; a gas-permeable member at least partially disposed within the interior cavity of the housing that includes a first end adapted for receiving a pressurized gas, a second end, and a porous sidewall; and an electrical conductor adapted to generate a magnetic flux parallel to an outer surface of the gas-permeable member as the liquid carrier flows from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet. The housing and gas-permeable member are configured such that the flow rate of the liquid carrier flowing parallel to the outer surface of the gas-permeable member is greater than the turbulent threshold of the liquid to create turbulent flow conditions, thereby allowing the liquid to shear gas from the outer surface of the gas-permeable member and form nano-bubbles in the liquid carrier.

Abstract: An operational support system (OSS) (96) for a telecommunications network, is coupled by a data communications network (DCN) (410, 510) with network elements (110) managed by the OSS. The OSS is managed by monitoring (200) an actual capability of the data communications network, and performance of an OSS operation is predicted (220) based on reference performance information and on the actual capability of the DCN. An alarm is raised based on a comparison (230) between the predicted performance and a defined threshold associated with the operation of the operational support system. Compared to known OSS monitoring to detect when an OSS operation has failed to complete, this raising of the alarm can enable pre-emptive management action. By making the prediction based on actual DCN capability, the prediction can have reduced errors from variability or unpredictability in DCN capability.

Abstract: A Data Communication Network couples a Management System to Network Elements. The Data Communication Network comprises a Gateway Network Element and a number of the Network Elements subtended by the Gateway Network Element. A method performed by the Management System comprises: a) determining the number of Network Elements that are subtended by the Gateway Network Element; b) determining a value of an interval parameter for the Network Elements based on the number of the Network Elements that are subtended by the Gateway Network Element, wherein the interval parameter is a duration over which performance data is collected by the Network Element; and c) assigning the determined value of the history control interval parameter to the Gateway Network Element and the subtended Network Elements.

Abstract: An operational support system (OSS) (96) for a telecommunications network, is coupled by a data communications network (DCN) (410, 510) with network elements (110) managed by the OSS. The OSS is managed by monitoring (200) an actual capability of the data communications network, and performance of an OSS operation is predicted (220) based on reference performance information and on the actual capability of the DCN. An alarm is raised based on a comparison (230) between the predicted performance and a defined threshold associated with the operation of the operational support system. Compared to known OSS monitoring to detect when an OSS operation has failed to complete, this raising of the alarm can enable pre-emptive management action. By making the prediction based on actual DCN capability, the prediction can have reduced errors from variability or unpredictability in DCN capability.

Abstract: A telecommunications network arranged for controlling the flow of SNMP trap notifications from Subtended Network Elements and subtending Gateway Network Elements to a Management System, the network being provided with a Network Analyzer arranged for determining the number of Network Elements that are subtended by each Gateway Network Element, and a Notification Threshold Manager arranged for calculating a Notification Throttling Threshold (an upper limit for the rate at which a Subtended Network Element may send SNMP trap notifications to the Management System in dependence upon the number of Network Elements that are subtended by the Gateway Network Element. The Notification Throttling Threshold is transmitted to the Gateway Network Element and Subtended Network Elements by the Management System. Also disclosed is a method for controlling the flow of SNMP trap notifications in the above-described network.

Abstract: A method for prioritizing traffic within the IP protocol of a data communications network, the method comprising detecting an activity belonging to a pre-defined group of high priority activities; identifying network elements associated with the high priority activity; and prioritizing traffic from the network elements associated with the high priority activity. Also disclosed is a management system arranged to implement the above-described method, and a data communications network comprising said management system.

Abstract: A Data Communication Network couples a Management System to Network Elements. The Data Communication Network comprises a Gateway Network Element and a number of the Network Elements subtended by the Gateway Network Element. A method performed by the Management System comprises: a) determining the number of Network Elements that are subtended by the Gateway Network Element; b) determining a value of an interval parameter for the Network Elements based on the number of the Network Elements that are subtended by the Gateway Network Element, wherein the interval parameter is a duration over which performance data is collected by the Network Element; and c) assigning the determined value of the history control interval parameter to the Gateway Network Element and the subtended Network Elements.

Abstract: A method for prioritising traffic within the IP protocol of a data communications network, the method comprising detecting an activity belonging to a pre-defined group of high priority activities; identifying network elements associated with the high priority activity; and prioritising traffic from the network elements associated with the high priority activity. Also disclosed is a management system arranged to implement the above-described method, and a data communications network comprising said management system.