Abstract: A method can include measuring increments in a response signal in multiple sample injection sessions in a sensing channel until the response signal reaches a threshold response capacity. Measuring the increments can include: (a) starting a respective sample injection session of the multiple sample injection sessions by injecting a sample with an analyte to the sensing channel; (b) controlling the valve port to terminate the respective sample injection session; (c) measuring the response signal based on a reaction between the sample and the ligand; and/or (d) upon determining that the response signal is not greater than the threshold response capacity, determining a respective response increment of the increments for the respective sample injection session, and starting a subsequent session of the multiple sample injection sessions for determining a subsequent increment of the increments. The method further can include determining an analyte concentration of the sample based at least in part on the increments.

Abstract: A novel validation method for binding kinetic analysis with a surface plasmonic apparatus is disclosed. The method includes a new approach to quickly validate the fidelity of the measured data and facilitate an accurate binding kinetic analysis of biomolecular interaction. It utilizes multiple sensing surface areas to immobilize different amounts of a ligand, followed by an injection of analyte solution through either all of the sensing surface areas or predetermined zones. The binding data between analyte and ligand are checked against pseudo-first order binding kinetics of bimolecular reactions, and, with the proper validation of the data, the binding kinetics of the interaction can be determined with high degree of accuracy without many measurements of other analyte concentrations and repeated regeneration of the sensor surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting one or more substances includes a radiation source emitting a beam of radiation and also includes a material capable of reflecting the beam of radiation with a first characteristic and capable of reflecting the beam of radiation with a second characteristic when the material interacts with the one or more substances. The apparatus also includes two or more radiation detectors to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation. A first one of the two or more radiation detectors is adjustably aligned to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation reflected from a first region of the material. A second one of the two or more radiation detectors is adjustably aligned to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation reflected from a second region of the material.

Abstract: Several embodiments of a method of detecting a substance are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Drug screening and target identification using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) of a target protein array is provided. The Target Protein Array/SPRI system is used as parts of a strategy or method for label-free and real-time identification of a target protein or proteins of any inhibitor, agonist or other ligand. Methods that allow for rapidly classifying the mechanism of action of any inhibitor, agonist or other ligand; and for simultaneous identification and purification of an active ingredient of a natural product extract, which acts specifically on a target protein or proteins are provided. Techniques that can be used to prioritize inhibitors, agonists or ligands for lead compound development; to determine the therapeutic index of drug candidates; to assess the range of target proteins of drugs or drug candidates or lead compounds in organisms; and to discover novel target proteins of known drugs or known inhibitors are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting one or more substances includes a radiation source emitting a beam of radiation and also includes a material capable of reflecting the beam of radiation with a first characteristic and capable of reflecting the beam of radiation with a second characteristic when the material interacts with the one or more substances. The apparatus also includes two or more radiation detectors to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation. A first one of the two or more radiation detectors is adjustably aligned to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation reflected from a first region of the material. A second one of the two or more radiation detectors is adjustably aligned to detect the first and second characteristics of the beam of radiation reflected from a second region of the material.