Abstract: An analog proportional pressure control 3-way valve includes an elongate cylindrical valve housing having an axial through bore defining an interior chamber, one end of the housing comprising an end port opening, a plurality of axially spaced side port openings defining an inlet and an outlet, and an axial opposite end comprising a sleeve end receivable in a solenoid, in use. A valve member is movable in the chamber at the port end for selectively controlling fluid pressure through the chamber between the end port opening and the outlet in the neutral position or between the inlet and the outlet in a regulated position. A solenoid plunger is movable in the chamber at the sleeve end and is operatively associated with the valve member for positioning the valve member. A stop is mounted to the housing at the sleeve end for retaining the plunger in the chamber.

Abstract: A modular solenoid valve has a housing including a valve seat having a valve chamber connecting an inlet port and an outlet port. A poppet is movable in the chamber between a valve open position and a valve closed position. An elongate movable pilot valve is partially received in a pilot valve chamber in the poppet for controlling the position of the poppet, the pilot valve including first and second axially spaced, radially extending throughbores. A reciprocally movable solenoid plunger is operably associated with the pilot valve for positioning the pilot valve. A pin is inserted through either the first bore to connect the pilot valve to the plunger in a normally closed valve configuration or the second bore to connect the pilot valve to the poppet in a normally open valve configuration. A solenoid coil controls the position of the plunger to move the pilot valve to an actuated position.

Abstract: A solenoid coil assembly for a solenoid valve includes an electrical coil wound about a valve armature to develop a magnetic field for actuating the armature responsive to an electrical current passing through the coil. A case surrounds the coil. The case has opposite end walls and a top wall, a bottom wall and opposite side walls connected between the end walls. A pair of electrical connectors are connected to opposite ends of the coil and extend outwardly from the top wall. A metal yoke has opposite end walls connected by a top wall and a bottom wall. The yoke is received on the case with their respective end walls, top walls and bottom walls in alignment.

Abstract: A heterogeneous semiconductor structure with a composition gradient is used to produce lasers, spectrometers and pressure gauges and comprises a substrate, a transition layer and a main layer in the form of a doped solid solution of AB.sub.x C.sub.1-x having a composition gradient with a constant direction parallel to the main axis of the substrate's surface. The transition layer 2 is also of a doped solid solution of AB.sub.x C.sub.1-x whose composition continuously changes along the main axis, from the portion with a maximum content of the AB component to the portion corresponding to a maximum content of the AC component in the direction perpendicular to the substrate's surface, and from the composition of the main layer 3 on the boundary with the transition layer 2 to the composition having a maximum content of the AB component on the boundary with the substrate.