Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a tool receptacle (13), and an apparatus for turning a face of a workpiece (2, 102) with a tool (3), wherein the workpiece (2, 102) is held in a workpiece receptacle (12) rotating about an axis of rotation (100) of a workpiece spindle, wherein, for producing and/or machining a workpiece contour having convex and/or concave portions on the face (20) that extend over defined angles of rotation, the tool (3) and the workpiece (2, 102) are moved back and forth relative to one another in an axial movement along the axis of rotation (100) of the workpiece spindle, said axis being synchronized with the rotational movement of the workpiece (2, 102), and wherein a blade (30) of the tool (3) is aligned at least in the cutting direction and/or transverse to the cutting direction opposite to the surface normals (N) of the workpiece contour to be produced and/or machined, in such a way that an effective clearance angle (?) and an effective cutting angle (?) remain at least virtually cons

Abstract: A wheel, containing a rim of a plastics material and an adapter for fastening the rim to a wheel mounting, the adapter having a protuberance which engages in a recess in the rim, or the adapter being received in a receptacle of the rime, or, if multiple adapters are used, at least one adapter engaging in a recess of the rim or being enclosed by the material of the rim, where after assembly of the rim, the adapter lies with a surface area against the wheel mounting, or the rim is positioned between the wheel mounting and the adapter, where the fastening means for assembling the rim on the wheel mounting are passed through a lead-through in the adapter and the rim made of the plastics material is connected to the adapter such that no plastics material of the rim lies in the flux of force of the fastening means.

Abstract: The invention concerns a vehicle wheel, comprising a rim (1) of a plastics material and at least one adapter (5) for fastening the rim (1) to a wheel mounting (3), the at least one adapter (5) having at least one protuberance (9) which engages in a recess (11) in the rim (1), or the adapter being received in a receptacle of the rim, or, if multiple adapters (5) are used, at least one adapter (5) engaging in a recess (11) of the rim or being enclosed by the material of the rim (1), the adapter (5) being arranged in such a way that, after assembly of the rim (1), the adapter (5) lies with a surface area against the wheel mounting, or the adapter (5) being arranged in such a way that the rim (1) is positioned between the wheel mounting (3) and the adapter (5), so that the adapter (5) lies on the outside of the rim (1) after assembly, wherein the adapter (5) is designed in such a way that fastening means for assembling the rim (1) on the wheel mounting are passed through a lead-through in the adapter and the rim

Abstract: A tuner is presented wherein each o a plurality of RF AGC gain controllable amplifiers are individually controlled by individual AGC control signals generated by an AGC controller so that the level of the output signal from each of the RF AGC gain controllable amplifiers is individually optimized for tuner performance.

Abstract: A direct conversion tuner for tuning either analog or digital television signals includes a first and second channels, each having first and second mixers and an intervening filter stage, coupled between an RF input and an output combining unit. The first mixers receive respective first local oscillator signals which have the same frequency but a quadrature phase relationship. The frequency of the first local oscillator signals is controlled according to the selected channel so that it is located within the spectrum of the respective RF signal. The second mixers receive respective second local oscillator signals which have the same frequency but a quadrature phase relationship. The frequency of the second local oscillator signal is located above the passband of the filter stages.

Abstract: A tuner includes a conversion (or heterodyning) stage, including a local oscillator and a mixer, for converting an RF signal corresponding to a selected channel to an IF signal. The local oscillator has only one tunable oscillating portion for generating a signal, and a frequency converter, such as a controllable frequency divider, for converting the frequency of the signal generated by said oscillating portion, so that the receiver is able to tune through the UHF and VHF bands. The operation of the requency converter is responsive to a digital controller, such as a microprocessor.

Abstract: A filtering method and apparatus in which an input signal is subjected to an analog filtering step, then an analog to digital conversion step and finally a digital filtering step to produce a filtered output signal. The pulse response of the digital filter is the mirror image of the pulse response of the analog filter and the cascaded filtering steps result in a filtered output signal which exhibits little or no group delay or phase distortion. The digital filter may be a FIR filter. Also disclosed is a phase error correction method whereby a pulse is inserted into a circuit or data stream prior to a group delay imparting device or function, a pulse response of the group delay imparting device or function is measured prior to a phase correcting device or function, mirror image filter coefficients are calculated using a window function and then incorporated into a phase correcting filter arrangement.

Abstract: A film/video detector includes circuitry for generating the differences between corresponding pixel values in successive frames of video signal. These differences are accumulated over respective frame intervals. Accumulated values for respective frames are applied to a signal averager and to a correlation circuit. Average values from the averager are subtracted from correlation values from the correlation circuit, and film mode signal is indicated if the latter differences are greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A television-type video signal containing main information, and auxiliary information modulating an auxiliary subcarrier having a controlled phase, is applied to a field storage network. First and second adaptive luminance-chrominance separators of the line comb filter type are coupled to the field storage network for receiving input signals from adjacent image fields, respectively. Chrominance outputs from the separators are combined to produce a separated main chrominance signal. Luminance outputs from the separators are combined to produce a separated main luminance signal. The modulated auxiliary subcarrier is derived from the field storage network.

Abstract: Video signal time scaling apparatus includes a gated oscillator enabled and disabled in synchronism with a line scanning rate and capable of generating an oscillatory signal which is other than a multiple of a line scanning rate. The phase of an oscillator output signal is compared to the phase of a reference signal a predetermined time after the oscillator is enabled. Phase coincidence indicates a correct oscillation frequency. Otherwise, the oscillator frequency is incremented or decremented until phase coincidence is achieved. The oscillator signal acts a READ clock for permitting a video signal to be read out of a line memory at a rate different than that at which the video signal was written into memory, thereby producing a time scaled output video signal.

Abstract: A first video signal component and a second video signal component represent constituent portions of an image to be displayed. An analog signal blending network blends these components together along a boundary region several pixels wide to reconstitute a video signal representing the image to be displayed. The blending network includes first and second active analog devices which exhibit mutually opposite gain over the boundary region to response to a common gain control signal, to produce a virtually invisible seam along the boundary region.

Abstract: A MOSFET power switching transistor in a DC-to-DC converter of a television apparatus has a drain electrode that is coupled via a primary winding of a chopper transformer to an input supply voltage. A first signal at a given frequency causes, during normal operation, alternate conduction and nonconduction in the transistor. A second signal is generated that is proportional to the voltage developed across the internal "on" resistance of the transistor when the transistor is conductive. The second signal is clamped when the MOSFET transistor is nonconductive. The second signal is coupled via a current sensing arrangement to the transistor gate. The second signal prevents the transistor from further conducting when the amplitude of the second signal exceeds a predetermined value that corresponds with a predetermined limiting threshold level of current in the transistor.

Abstract: A motion detector which compares the video signal from a camera to a camera signal from an earlier scene and produces an alarm signal if an edge of any object has changed its position, but protects against false signals. A phase detector is used to sense movement in only the edges of objects and a vertical coincidence circuit requires object movement in several vertical video lines to prevent false signals from such small items as raindrops. Several adjacent horizontal areas must also show movement in order to activate an alarm.

Abstract: A color subcarrier generator for PAL uses a one-quarter horizontal frequency signal from a sync generator to sample the subcarrier signal. The sampled signal is phase and frequency compared with a 25 Hz (one-half vertical frequency) signal from the same sync generator to control the frequency of the subcarrier signal. Thus the required 25 Hz PAL offset is obtained. The one-quarter horizontal frequency sampling signal can also be used in NTSC and SECAM subcarrier generators.

Abstract: A SECAM modulator has a frequency control loop for maintaining constant average frequency of a VCO during a scanning line. However, this can cause varying deviation of the VCO. Therefore a second control loop is provided to control the voltage of the VCO to maintain constant voltage-to-frequency gain.

Abstract: A phase detector for digital signals, such as television sync signals, provides a signed short path output of the phase difference between the signals. It features a means for determining which of the signals is leading and lagging, which means also provides the sign signal. A window signal is generated and clock pulses are counted during the duration of this signal. A register can provide an exact phase difference measurement or a coarse/fine output signal can be provided.

Abstract: A genlock circuit has a reference signal that is frequency divided to provide an internal vertical sync signal. When an external sync signal is present, the division ratio is temporarily changed to provide a slow locking of the internal sync signal to the external sync signal. This avoids picture disturbances. The circuit can be used in a camera control unit and camera heads.

Abstract: A digital sync separator has a separator for supplying composite sync from composite video. A counter counts clock pulses and is reset by the composite sync signals and one of its outputs. The separator can comprise a pair of controlled switches, one switch being a clamp, the other supplying a signal to a low pass filter and attenuator, and a comparator to compare the composite video with the attenuated signal.

Abstract: A sampling PLL circuit features a frequency sweep caused by an offset voltage applied to an integrator to avoid false lock ups. At one end of the frequency range the polarity of the offset signal can be reversed. The error voltage can be sampled during a television vertical or horizontal blanking period. Once proper lock up is achieved, the offset signal can be removed.

Abstract: In a tuning system including a station selector for generating a digital word representative of a selected channel, a counter for counting periods of a local oscillator signal during a measurement interval to generate a digital word representing the accumulated count and a comparator for generating control signals for the local oscillator in accordance with the deviation between the station-representative and count-representative digital words, apparatus is provided to enable the number of bits in the count-representative digital word to be less than the number of bits in the station-representative digital word. Such an arrangement is therefore particularly useful when it is desired to incorporate a large portion of the tuning system in a relatively inexpensive microcomputer in which only a relatively small number of bits, e.g., 8, can be dynamically processed. Specifically, the tuning system operates in coarse, medium and fine tuning steps.