Abstract: A device is disclosed. The device includes a. at least one radiation emitting element configured for emitting a modulated thermal radiation as a result of its temperature; where the radiation emitting element includes at least one incandescent lamp; and b. at least one electronic circuit configured for applying a periodic time-dependent voltage to the radiation emitting element, wherein where the electronic circuit is configured for controlling one or more of an amplitude, a duty cycle and a frequency of the periodic time-dependent voltage, where a temperature of the radiation emitting element and a frequency of the modulated thermal radiation depend on the applied periodic time-dependent voltage controlled by the electronic circuit.

Abstract: A device includes at least one photoconductor configured for exhibiting an electrical resistance Rphoto dependent on an illumination of a light-sensitive region of the at least one photoconductor and at least one photoconductor readout circuit. The photoconductor readout circuit is configured for determining a differential voltage related to changes of the electrical resistance Rphoto of the photoconductor. The photoconductor readout circuit includes at least one bias voltage source configured for applying at least one periodically modulated bias voltage to the photoconductor such that the electric output changes its polarity at least once. The device further includes at least one electrical circuit configured to balance the differential voltage at a given illumination level.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device including at least one photoconductor configured for exhibiting an electrical resistance Rphoto dependent on an illumination of a light-sensitive region of the photoconductor; at least one photoconductor readout circuit, where the photoconductor readout circuit is configured for determining a differential voltage related to changes of the electrical resistance Rphoto of the photoconductor, where the photoconductor readout circuit includes at least one bias voltage source configured for applying at least one periodically modulated bias voltage to the photoconductor such that the electric output changes its polarity at least once; and at least one electrical circuit configured to balance the differential voltage at a given illumination level.