Abstract: A duplication detection module may be configured to determine if data on a RFID tag is encoded. If the data on the RFID tag is not encoded, the duplication detection module may determine that the RFID tag is a duplicate RFID tag and that an item associated with the duplicate RFID tag is counterfeit. If the data on the RFID tag is encoded, the duplication detection module may cause the decoder to decode the data on the RFID tag using a private key of a receiving party as a decoding parameter. The module may check for an item identifier and a sender identifier as a part of the encoded data, determine whether the item identifier has previously been read to determine if the RFID tag was duplicated during transport and compare the sender identifier with an expected sender identifier to determine if the RFID tag was duplicated during transport.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a first activity map. A first mobile client determines first positioning information based on a first position of the first mobile client. The first mobile client generates a second activity map using the first positioning information of the first mobile client as a damping factor for activity in the first activity map. The first mobile client sends the second activity map to a balancing manager. A third activity map is received from the balancing manager. The third activity map is based on the second activity map from the first mobile client and a second activity map from a second mobile client. The second activity map from the second mobile client is generated using second positioning information for a second position of the second mobile client as the damping factor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a first activity map. A first mobile client determines first positioning information based on a first position of the first mobile client. The first mobile client generates a second activity map using the first positioning information of the first mobile client as a damping factor for activity in the first activity map. The first mobile client sends the second activity map to a balancing manager. A third activity map is received from the balancing manager. The third activity map is based on the second activity map from the first mobile client and a second activity map from a second mobile client. The second activity map from the second mobile client is generated using second positioning information for a second position of the second mobile client as the damping factor.

Abstract: A duplication detection module may be configured to determine if data on a RFID tag is encoded. If the data on the RFID tag is not encoded, the duplication detection module may determine that the RFID tag is a duplicate RFID tag and that an item associated with the duplicate RFID tag is counterfeit. If the data on the RFID tag is encoded, the duplication detection module may cause the decoder to decode the data on the RFID tag using a private key of a receiving party as a decoding parameter. The module may check for an item identifier and a sender identifier as a part of the encoded data, determine whether the item identifier has previously been read to determine if the RFID tag was duplicated during transport and compare the sender identifier with an expected sender identifier to determine if the RFID tag was duplicated during transport.

Abstract: An identification of an RFID tag is received from a mobile device. A product associated with the identification is identified, and a keeper associated with the product is identified. The keeper is provided to the mobile device, and a selection of the keeper is received from the mobile device. Authentication information associated with the product and the keeper is identified, and the authentication information is provided to the mobile device.