Abstract: A medical apparatus comprises a first component, at least one second component movable with respect to the first component, a driving device to drive the at least one second component, a sensor to detect a position of the at least one second component, and a controller to retrieve stored data of at least one bounding box of the at least one second component, to calculate actual positions of the at least one bounding box based on the position of the at least one second component as transformed data, and to determine a collision between the at least one second component and the first component or a surface supporting the first component by the transformed data and further transformed data of a further bounding box representing the first component or of a surface supporting the first component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for predicting tire performance in which a tire model, which comprises a tread pattern capable of imparting deformation by means of ground contact and/or transfer, and a snow model, in which a snow-covered road surface that comes into contact with the tire model is represented, are used to predict tire performance on the snow-covered road surface on the basis of physical quantities that occur in at least either of the tire model and the snow model. The snow model is modeled as an elasto-plastic body or an elastic body, the nonlinearity of the volume compression property of snow is represented by the relationship between the density or volume strain of the snow and the pressure of the snow, and the shear property of the snow is represented by the relationship between the yield stress of the snow and the pressure of the snow.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for predicting tire performance in which a tire model, which comprises a tread pattern capable of imparting deformation by means of ground contact and/or transfer, and a snow model, in which a snow-covered road surface that comes into contact with the tire model is represented, are used to predict tire performance on the snow-covered road surface on the basis of physical quantities that occur in at least either of the tire model and the snow model. The snow model is modeled as an elasto-plastic body or an elastic body, the nonlinearity of the volume compression property of snow is represented by the relationship between the density or volume strain of the snow and the pressure of the snow, and the shear property of the snow is represented by the relationship between the yield stress of the snow and the pressure of the snow.