Abstract: A headlight for a motor vehicle includes a housing which is provided with a translucent cover pane to allow light to exit from the headlight and in which a first lighting device and a second lighting device are located. The first lighting device is provided for generating at least one portion of a dipped beam and/or a full beam of the headlight, and the second lighting device is provided for generating at least one portion of a limiting light and/or a daytime running light of the headlight. The headlight also includes a diaphragm which is opaque in a predefined diaphragm section except for a plurality of light exit points provided therein. Light is emitted via the predefined diaphragm section toward the cover pane by the second lighting device in order to generate the at least one portion of the limiting light and/or the daytime running light.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a storage system cache with flash memory units organized in a RAID configuration. An aspect of the invention includes a storage system with a storage cache that includes flash memory units organized in an array configuration. The storage system further includes an array controller that manages data access and data operations for the flash memory units and organizes data as full array stripes. The storage system also includes a storage cache controller, that includes a block line manager that buffers write data to be cached for a write operation until the storage cache controller has accumulated an array band, and commits write data to the array controller as full array stripes. The storage cache controller determines whether to store write data for a write in the storage cache and/or in the primary storage device and whether to access read data from the storage cache or from the primary storage device.

Abstract: The error tolerance of an array of m storage units is increased by using a technique referred to as “dodging.” A plurality of k stripes are stored across the array of storage units in which each stripe has n+r elements that correspond to a symmetric code having a minimum Hamming distance d=r+1. Each respective element of a stripe is stored on a different storage unit. An element is selected when a difference between a minimum distance of the donor stripe and a minimum distance of a recipient stripe is greater or equal to 2. The selected element is also stored on a storage unit having no elements of the recipient stripe. A lost element of the recipient stripe is then rebuilt on the selected element.

Abstract: A data storage subsystem that includes three data storage units, three check storage units, and an array controller coupled to the three data and three check storage units can tolerate failure of any three data and check storage units failures can be occur before data stored on the data storage subsystem is lost. Information is stored on the data storage subsystem as a symmetric Maximum Distance Separation code, such as a Winograd code, a Reed Solomon code, an EVENODD code or a derivative of an EVENODD code. The array controller determines the contents of the check storage units so that any three erasures of the data storage units and the check storage units can be corrected by the array controller. The array controller updates a block of data contained in any one of the data storage units and the check storage units using only six IO operations.

Abstract: An optimum pathway to data stored on a data storage system having N storage devices and more than N pathways is determined in response to a read request for the data. A sorter separates the read request into an appropriate segment size for sending to the storage devices of the data storage system. An assigner generates the set of read permutations satisfying the read request. A read permutation is selected based on a metric. A collector receives the requested data from the N storage devices in response to the selected read permutation being sent to the storage devices.

Abstract: An optimum pathway to data stored on a data storage system having N storage devices and more than N pathways is determined in response to a read request for the data. A sorter separates the read request into an appropriate segment size for sending to the storage devices of the data storage system. An assigner generates the set of read permutations satisfying the read request. A read permutation is selected based on a metric. A collector receives the requested data from the N storage devices in response to the selected read permutation being sent to the storage devices.

Abstract: Error tolerance is increased for a storage system having a plurality of arrays by making local redundancy in a selected array globally available throughout the storage system. To achieve the increased error tolerance, a donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays when the difference between a minimum distance of the donor array and a minimum distance of a recipient array is greater or equal to 2. A donor storage unit is selected in the donor array and recipient information is then rebuilt from the recipient array on the selected storage unit. The selected storage unit is indicated to the donor array as having been donated before the lost information is rebuilt on the selected storage unit. Preferably, the minimum Hamming distance of the recipient array is d?2 before the donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays.

Abstract: Error tolerance is increased for a storage system having a plurality of arrays by making local redundancy in a selected array globally available throughout the storage system. To achieve the increased error tolerance, a donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays when the difference between a minimum distance of the donor array and a minimum distance of a recipient array is greater or equal to 2. A donor storage unit is selected in the donor array and recipient information is then rebuilt from the recipient array on the selected storage unit. The selected storage unit is indicated to the donor array as having been donated before the lost information is rebuilt on the selected storage unit. Preferably, the minimum Hamming distance of the recipient array is d?2 before the donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays.

Abstract: The error tolerance of an array of m storage units is increased by using a technique referred to as “dodging.” A plurality of k stripes are stored across the array of storage units in which each stripe has n+r elements that correspond to a symmetric code having a minimum Hamming distance d=r+1. Each respective element of a stripe is stored on a different storage unit. An element is selected when a difference between a minimum distance of the donor stripe and a minimum distance of a recipient stripe is greater or equal to 2. The selected element is also stored on a storage unit having no elements of the recipient stripe. A lost element of the recipient stripe is then rebuilt on the selected element.

Abstract: The error tolerance of an array of m storage units is increased by using a technique referred to as “dodging.” A plurality of k stripes are stored across the array of storage units in which each stripe has n+r elements that correspond to a symmetric code having a minimum Hamming distance d=r+1. Each respective element of a stripe is stored on a different storage unit. An element is selected when a difference between a minimum distance of the donor stripe and a minimum distance of a recipient stripe is greater or equal to 2. The selected element is also stored on a storage unit having no elements of the recipient stripe. A lost element of the recipient stripe is then rebuilt on the selected element.

Abstract: An optimum pathway to data stored on a data storage system having N storage devices and more than N pathways is determined in response to a read request for the data. A sorter separates the read request into an appropriate segment size for sending to the storage devices of the data storage system. An assigner generates the set of read permutations satisfying the read request. A read permutation is selected based on a metric. A collector receives the requested data from the N storage devices in response to the selected read permutation being sent to the storage devices.

Abstract: Error tolerance is increased for a storage system having a plurality of arrays by making local redundancy in a selected array globally available throughout the storage system. To achieve the increased error tolerance, a donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays when the difference between a minimum distance of the donor array and a minimum distance of a recipient array is greater or equal to 2. A donor storage unit is selected in the donor array and recipient information is then rebuilt from the recipient array on the selected storage unit. The selected storage unit is indicated to the donor array as having been donated before the lost information is rebuilt on the selected storage unit. Preferably, the minimum Hamming distance of the recipient array is d?2 before the donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays.

Abstract: An optimum pathway to data stored on a data storage system having N storage devices and more than N pathways is determined in response to a read request for the data. A sorter separates the read request into an appropriate segment size for sending to the storage devices of the data storage system. An assigner generates the set of read permutations satisfying the read request. A read permutation is selected based on a metric. A collector receives the requested data from the N storage devices in response to the selected read permutation being sent to the storage devices.

Abstract: Error tolerance is increased for a storage system having a plurality of arrays by making local redundancy in a selected array globally available throughout the storage system. To achieve the increased error tolerance, a donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays when the difference between a minimum Hamming distance of the donor array and a minimum Hamming distance of a recipient array is greater or equal to 2. A donor storage unit is selected in the donor array and recipient information is then rebuilt from the recipient array on the selected storage unit. The selected storage unit is indicated to the donor array as having been donated before the lost information is rebuilt on the selected storage unit. Preferably, the minimum Hamming distance of the recipient array is d?2 before the donor array is selected from the plurality of arrays.

Abstract: A data storage subsystem that includes three data storage units, three check storage units, and an array controller coupled to the three data and three check storage units can tolerate failure of any three data and check storage units failures can be occur before data stored on the data storage subsystem is lost. Information is stored on the data storage subsystem as a symmetric Maximum Distance Separation code, such as a Winograd code, a Reed Solomon code, an EVENODD code or a derivative of an EVENODD code. The array controller determines the contents of the check storage units so that any three erasures of the data storage units and the check storage units can be corrected by the array controller. The array controller updates a block of data contained in any one of the data storage units and the check storage units using only six IO operations.

Abstract: A data cache for an iSCSI network caches block-level data from WAN servers for use by clients (e.g., LANs). The cache authenticates itself to the WAN servers, and authenticates clients requesting cache access. Mechanisms are provided to prevent clients from accessing cached data intended for other clients.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for staging write data to improve a storage system's performance. The method includes providing a write cache on the medium. The write cache includes a plurality of cache lines. Each of the cache lines includes a plurality of data blocks, line meta-data to identify each data blocks sector address, and a sequential number indicating the order of the data blocks within their respective cache line relative to the other data blocks in the cache line. In addition, the method includes staging write data in the write cache as sequentially written data to improve performance of the system. The staging includes receiving a plurality of data blocks to be written to the system. Moreover, the staging includes storing the data blocks in one of the cache lines.

Abstract: A log-structured write cache for a data storage system and method for improving the performance of the storage system are described. The system might be a RAID storage array, a disk drive, an optical disk, or a tape storage system. The write cache is preferably implemented in the main storage medium of the system, but can also be provided in other storage components of the system. The write cache includes cache lines where write data is temporarily accumulated in a non-volatile state so that it can be sequentially written to the target storage locations at a later time, thereby improving the overall performance of the system. Meta-data for each cache line is also maintained in the write cache. The meta-data includes the target sector address for each sector in the line and a sequence number that indicates the order in which data is posted to the cache lines. A buffer table entry is provided for each cache line.

Abstract: A data cache for an iSCSI network caches block-level data from WAN servers for use by clients (e.g., LANs). The cache authenticates itself to the WAN servers, and authenticates clients requesting cache access. Mechanisms are provided to prevent clients from accessing cached data intended for other clients.