Abstract: The mass transfer column through which a continuous phase and at least one dispersed phase flow in countercurrent has two embodiments of packing elements disposed in the mass transfer section of the column. The first embodiment takes the form of corrugated layers which are disposed parallel to the column axis and engage one another, the corrugations of adjacent layers crossing one another. In the second embodiment plane intermediate layers are introduced between adjacent corrugated layers. The elements with intermediate layers provide cross-conveyance of the dispersed phase while the corrugated elements are responsible for mass transfer and for maintaining the dispersion distribution.

Abstract: A packing is constructed for an apparatus for mixing or for exchange processes. The packing includes at least two zig-zag layers each of which has a number of parallel rows of substantially rectangular deflecting surfaces with alternating gaps in the inclined flanks. Bridges connect the rows of deflecting surfaces and are disposed in the troughs and at the apices of the corrugated layer.The packing can be produced by simple stamping and bending steps.

Abstract: The heat exchanger is constructed with a plurality of fittings which are disposed in the flow passage. Each fitting is constructed of at least two groups of webs with the webs of each group disposed in spaced parallel relation and in angular relation to the axis of the flow passage. Also, each group of webs is disposed in crossing relation to the webs of the other group. The ratio of web width (b) to diameter (d) of the flow passage is in the range of from 0.08 to 0.5 while the ratio of web spacing (m) to the diameter (d) is in the range of from 0.38 to 0.9. The fittings permit improved heat transfer with reduced pressure losses and a relatively small total area.