Abstract: An image sensor includes an array of image pixels and black level correction (BLC) pixels. Each BLC pixel includes a BLC pixel photodetector, a BLC pixel sensing circuit, and a BLC pixel optics assembly configured to block light that impinges onto the BLC pixel photodetector. Each BLC pixel optics assembly may include a first portion of a layer stack including a vertically alternating sequence of first material layers having a first refractive index and second material layers having a second refractive index. Additionally or alternatively, each BLC pixel optics assembly may include a first portion of a layer stack including at least two metal layers, each having a respective wavelength sub-range having a greater reflectivity than another metal layer. Alternatively or additionally, each BLC pixel optics assembly may include an infrared blocking material layer that provides a higher absorption coefficient than color filter materials within image pixel optics assemblies.

Abstract: A plug-type driver assistance device includes an external brake module and an auxiliary control module. The external brake module includes a hydraulic pump and a control valve group, the control valve group includes an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and the hydraulic pump is connected between the inlet valve and the outlet valve. The auxiliary control module includes a receiving unit, a processing unit and an output unit. The processing unit selectively switches to the original vehicle control mode or the assist driving mode. The original vehicle control mode means that the processing unit receives the accelerator pedal signal and controls the output unit to output the accelerator pedal signal. The assist driving mode means that the processing unit receives the surrounding information of the vehicle, and generates an analog pedal signal and an analog braking signal.

Abstract: A plug-type driver assistance device includes an external brake module and an auxiliary control module. The external brake module includes a hydraulic pump and a control valve group, the control valve group includes an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and the hydraulic pump is connected between the inlet valve and the outlet valve. The auxiliary control module includes a receiving unit, a processing unit and an output unit. The processing unit selectively switches to the original vehicle control mode or the assist driving mode. The original vehicle control mode means that the processing unit receives the accelerator pedal signal and controls the output unit to output the accelerator pedal signal. The assist driving mode means that the processing unit receives the surrounding information of the vehicle, and generates an analog pedal signal and an analog braking signal.

Abstract: A method for estimating crank angles and rotation speeds of an engine, having a signal processing unit to generate a dynamic sampling signal based on the tooth number signal of the crank detected by a crank angle sensor, an estimation unit designed by a discrete kinematic model and containing an estimator and a feedback gain matrix to read the dynamic sampling signal, and a crank rotation stroke discriminator allowing the signal processing unit to calculate a more precise crank dynamic sampling signal, so as to preclude external noises to interfering control of the engine.