Abstract: In an embodiment, a phase shifter includes: a light input end; a light output end; a p-type semiconductor material, and an n-type semiconductor material contacting the p-type semiconductor material along a boundary area, wherein the boundary area is greater than a length from the light input end to the light output end multiplied by a core width of the phase shifter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for communication using an efficient fiber-to-chip grating coupler with a high coupling efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for communication using an efficient fiber-to-chip grating coupler with a high coupling efficiency.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a phase shifter includes: a light input end; a light output end; a p-type semiconductor material, and an n-type semiconductor material contacting the p-type semiconductor material along a boundary area, wherein the boundary area is greater than a length from the light input end to the light output end multiplied by a core width of the phase shifter.

Abstract: Provided is a computer system and a computerized method to automatically generate the synthetic images that simulate the human activities in a particular environment. The program instructions are input in the form of the natural language. Particular columns are provided in the user interface to allow the user to select desired instruction elements from sets of limited candidates. The instruction elements form the program instructions. The system analyzes the program instructions to obtain the standard predetermined time evaluation codes of the instructions. Parameters not include in the input program instructions are generated automatically. Synthetic images are generated by using the input program instructions and the parameters obtained.