Abstract: Disclosed herein are gemini surfactants, and methods for making and using these gemini surfactants. These gemini surfactants may be incorporated in paints and coatings to provide hydrophilic and/or self-cleaning properties.

Abstract: Thermal conductive compositions, methods for their preparation, and use are provided, which include, for example, as thermal sinks and other uses.

Abstract: Methods of producing graphene, reaction chambers for forming graphene, and graphene sheets formed from the methods are described herein. A method may include adding at least one metal catalyst in a reaction chamber, adding at least one hydrocarbon gas in the reaction chamber, allowing the at least one metal catalyst and the at least one hydrocarbon gas to contact one another to produce a product, and dehydrogenating the product to produce the graphene.

Abstract: A refrigerant heat dissipation apparatus has an evaporator, a condenser having a first condensing tube and a second condensing tube, a first refrigerant tube, two second refrigerant tubes, and a refrigerant. The first refrigerant tube is connected between the top of the evaporator and an upper part of a first condensing tube. The second refrigerant tubes are respectively connected with a lower part of the first condensing tube and a lower part of the second condensing tube, so as to form a multi-flow closed-loop cycle. The refrigerant is filled into the multi-flow closed-loop cycle. The controlling of cycling direction of the refrigerant achieves the efficiency in heat dissipating of the refrigerant heat dissipation apparatus.

Abstract: A connector is disclosed. The connector includes a conductive housing having a port and a peripheral wall surrounding the port, a conductive elastic sheet riveted on the peripheral wall of the port of the housing by a plurality of rivets, and a plurality of contact spots formed on at least one of the housing and the elastic sheet. The housing and elastic sheets are electrically connected by the plurality of contact spots when the elastic sheet is riveted on the housing.

Abstract: Technologies are provided for filtering user's actions based on user's mood. User's actions may include online actions. To prevent “in the heat of the moment” actions, which a user may regret later, a mood based filter may identify a user action such as posting a message to a social network, a professional network, an email network, a blog, or an instant message network. An automatic system action may then be taken based on the detected user's mood. In some examples, the user's mood may be assigned to a numeric or alphanumeric category. Various system actions such as blocking or delaying the user action may be tied or associated to the user's mood category through one or more predefined, customizable rules. In other examples, a user confirmation of the user action may also be included in addition to the automatic system action.

Abstract: A casing of an electronic device including a casing body and a sensing assembly is provided. The casing body includes a button portion. The sensing assembly includes a first conductive line and two first contacts. The first conductive line is disposed on an inner surface of the casing body, and the first conductive line forms a strain sensing pattern on the button portion. The first contacts are disposed on the inner surface of the casing body, and connected to two ends of the first conductive line, respectively. The strain sensing pattern is adapted to result a resistance variation accompanied with a deformation of the button portion when the button portion is deformed, so as to generate an electrical signal.

Abstract: Printing apparatuses for detection of substrate alignment, methods for manufacture and use thereof, and substrates are disclosed. One printing apparatus may include a printing assembly having at least one conductive alignment sensor with a plurality of inductive coils configured to generate an electromagnetic field. The printing assembly may receive at least one substrate having at least one conductive portion and align the substrate such that the plurality of inductive coils and the conductive portion substantially overlap with each other to form an electromagnetic field having a direction from the at least one conductive alignment sensor to the at least one conductive portion. The direction of the electromagnetic field with respect to the conductive alignment sensor may form an angle. The conductive alignment sensor may be configured to detect a movement of the conductive portion when a change to the angle causes a current change through the plurality of inductive coils.

Abstract: Dietary compositions containing at least one carbohydrate are described herein, as well as methods for their preparation and use. A premix dietary composition may include a fatty acid component and a carbohydrate component. The fatty acid component may include at least about 90% saturated fatty acid by weight. The fatty acid component may be present in the dietary composition in an amount of at least about 30% by weight of the dietary composition.

Abstract: Dietary compositions containing at least one protein component are described herein, as well as methods for their preparation and use. A premix dietary composition may include a fatty acid component and a protein component. The fatty acid component may include at least about 90% saturated fatty acid by weight. The fatty acid component may be present in the dietary composition in an amount of at least about 10% by weight of the dietary composition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, caps, containers, and assemblies for a gecko-like container capping system are described. A gecko-like cap configured to cover an opening in a container may include an inner surface configured to mate with an opening surface of a container. Setae may be located on a surface of the cap and/or a surface of the container that are configured to oppose movement of the cap away from the container by creating an adhesion force between the inner surface and the opening surface. The cap may include one or more release mechanisms configured to deflect the inner surface away from the opening surface, thereby reducing the adhesion force such that the cap is removable from the container.

Abstract: Hydrophilic, self-cleaning coating compositions and methods to make and use the compositions are disclosed. The coatings comprise perlite and/or expanded perlite that are activated with hydrophilic agents. The perlites when incorporated in paints provide hydrophilic, self-cleaning and/or biocidal property to the coating.

Abstract: An evaporator with heat dissipating fins and a refrigerant heat dissipating apparatus using the same are provided herein and the refrigerant heat dissipating apparatus comprises the evaporator, a condenser, two refrigerant tubes connected between the evaporator and the condenser and a refrigerant filled into the evaporator body. When the evaporator body absorbs heat, the refrigerant absorbs heat and is converted to the gaseous state. The refrigerant in the gaseous state flows upward and conducts heat to a top of the evaporator body. The heat dissipating fins conduct heat quickly to condense most of the refrigerant in the gaseous state back to the liquid state to absorb heat again. The rest of the refrigerant in the gaseous state passes through the condenser via the first refrigerant tube to be the liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant flows back to the evaporator body via the second refrigerant tube to absorb heat again.

Abstract: Solid dietary compositions for ruminants are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and use. The compositions may include a fatty acid component and at least one feed ingredient. The fatty acid component may include at least about 90% saturated fatty acid by weight and may be present in the dietary composition in an amount of at least about 30% by weight of the dietary composition. The at least one feed ingredient may be selected from a protein material, an amino acid, an amino acid derivative, a vitamin, a trace element, a mineral, a glucogenic precursor, and an antioxidant. The dietary composition may be a solid in the form of a capsule, a tablet, a pellet, or a granular material.

Abstract: Dietary compositions for ingestion by ruminants and methods for feeding the dietary compositions to ruminants are disclosed. The dietary compositions may include ruminant feed products having at least one saturated fatty acid component including at least about 90% of a palmitic acid compound. The ruminant feed product may be fed to the ruminant according to a feed program that is based on physical characteristics and/or a time period associated with the ruminant. For example, an amount of the ruminant feed product fed to the ruminant may be based on the calving cycle and/or lactation cycle of the ruminant and one of a body weight or a milk yield of the ruminant. Ingestion of the ruminant feed product by a ruminant according to the feed program may increase the milk yield and/or the milk fat content of milk produced by the ruminant.

Abstract: Liquid dietary compositions for ruminants are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and use. The compositions may include a fatty acid component, at least one feed ingredient, and water. The fatty acid component may include less than about 10% by weight of unsaturated fatty acid. The feed ingredient may be selected from a carbohydrate, an amino acid, an amino acid derivative, a vitamin, a trace element, a mineral, a glucogenic precursor, or an antioxidant. The compositions may also include about 25% by weight to about 55% by weight of water.

Abstract: A feed for ruminants may include at least one derivatized fatty acid component such that ingestion of the feed by lactating ruminants may provide for an increase in the amount of milk produced by the ruminant, and/or an increase in the fat content of the milk produced.

Abstract: Feed containers configured to store and dispense dietary compositions for ruminants are disclosed. The dietary compositions may include a fatty acid component, at least one feed ingredient, and water. The fatty acid component may include less than about 10% by weight of unsaturated fatty acid. The feed ingredient may be selected from a carbohydrate, an amino acid, an amino acid derivative, a vitamin, a trace element, a mineral, a glucogenic precursor, or an antioxidant. The feed containers may include a lick tank, a storage container, a trough, a bucket, a pail, or the like. The feed containers may be configured to measure and/or regulate the consumption of the dietary composition stored therein by the ruminants.

Abstract: Mineral lick compositions for ruminants are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and use. The compositions may include at least one sodium salt, at least one calcium salt, at least one magnesium salt, and at least one fatty acid component comprising at least about 80% saturated fatty acid by weight.

Abstract: Dietary particle compositions for ruminant feed are disclosed, as well as methods for their preparation and use. The compositions may include a fatty acid compound, a core, and at least one encapsulating agent. The dietary particle may have a core coating layer. The fatty acid compound may be in the core or the core coating layer. The core may include a carbohydrate compound and a protein compound. The fatty acid compound may include at least about 90% saturated fatty acids. The fatty acid compound may include a palmitic acid compound.