Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed for WTRU-initiated beam recovery including beam switching and/or beam sweeping. A WTRU may be configured to detect a beam failure condition, identify a candidate beam for resolving the beam failure condition, and send a beam failure recovery request to a network entity. The WTRU may include the candidate beam in the beam failure recovery request and may receive a response from the network entity regarding the request and/or a solution for the beam failure condition. WTRU-initiated beam recovery may be used to resolve radio link failures and improve system performance by avoiding the necessity to perform an acquisition procedure. Additionally, beam sweeping may be performed at a sub-time unit level to provide a fast sweeping mechanism.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a constellation symbol that includes indications that each are associated with a respective WTRU of a plurality of WTRUs. The WTRU may determine that a first weight associated with a first indication of the indications is different than a second weight associated with a second indication of the indications. The indications may comprise indications of bits modulated at a multi-user constellation bit division multiple access modulator (MU-CBDMAM).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for beam management are disclosed. A WTRU may include a plurality of antenna panels, each antenna panel comprising a plurality of antennas configured to transmit on directional transmit (TX) beams. The WTRU may send, to a transmission reception point (TRP), antenna panel capability information for the plurality of antenna panels and receive a reference signal (RS) configuration for configuring RS resource sets. The WTRU may send an RS transmission trigger frame identifying triggered RS resource sets from the configured RS resource sets. The WTRU may identify a set of antenna panels to be used with the triggered RS resource sets. The WTRU may determine an UL TX beam sweeping mode and an association between the triggered RS resources sets and the set of antenna panels. The WTRU may perform UL beam sweeping using the triggered RS resource sets and associated set of antenna panels.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an extended reality (XR) device may transmit, to a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, a first portion of rendering data and a second portion of rendering data, respectively, for offloaded rendering, wherein a division of the rendering data into the first portion of the rendering data and the second portion of the rendering data is based at least in part on view information. The XR device may receive, from the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, a first portion of rendered data and a second portion of the rendered data, respectively, based at least in part on the transmitting. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an extended reality (XR) device may receive a user equipment (UE) capability indicator identifying a rendering offloading capability of a UE. The XR device may transmit, to the UE, data for rendering at the UE based at least in part on receiving the UE capability indicator. The XR device may receive, from the UE, rendered data as a response to transmitting the data for rendering at the UE. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for interleaving coded bits. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may generate a plurality of polar encoded bits using polar encoding. The WTRU may divide the plurality of polar encoded bits into sub-blocks of equal size in a sequential manner. The WTRU may apply sub-block wise interleaving to the sub-blocks using an interleaver pattern. The sub-blocks associated with a subset of the sub-blocks may be interleaved, and sub-blocks associated with another subset of the sub-blocks may not be interleaved. The sub-block wise interleaving may include applying interleaving across the sub-blocks without interleaving bits associated with each of the sub-blocks. The WTRU may concatenate bits from each of the interleaved sub-blocks to generate interleaved bits, and store the interleaved bits associated with the interleaved sub-blocks in a circular buffer. The WTRU may select a plurality of bits for transmission from the interleaved bits.

Abstract: A method for transmitting system information on a PBCH is described herein. A transmission/reception point (TRP) may generate a concatenated master information block (MIB) transport block that includes information bits associated with system bandwidth information, timing information, system frame number (SFN), a beam sweeping configuration, and a control resource set (CORESET). The TRP may then attach at least 16 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits to the concatenated MIB and then prioritize the concatenated MIB and the at least 16 CRC bits based on content. The TRP may then perform channel coding of the prioritized concatenated MIB and the at least 16 CRC bits to produce coded bits using at least one polar encoder with a coding rate that is less than 1/3, perform rate matching via repetition on the coded bits, and then transmit the rate matched, coded bits on the PBCH of a radio frame.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for synchronization between a WTRU and a gNB are disclosed. The WTRU may receive a multiple beam synchronization signal from the gNB during synchronization. For each beam received by the WTRU, of the multiple beam synchronization signal, the WTRU may compare a received energy of the beam against a first threshold. A multiple beam synchronization signal may include a first and second synchronization signal (SS). If one or more beams of the multiple beam synchronization signal meets or exceeds the first threshold, the WTRU may report an indication of pre-synchronization to the gNB. This pre-synchronization may indicate to the gNB that a WTRU exists in an area of a particular beam of the WTRU. In this way, a gNB may target the WTRU using transmissions directed towards the WTRU.

Abstract: Mechanisms may be used for aggregating acknowledgement (ACK), block ACK (BA) and/or short packets transmissions for multi-user (MU) wireless communication systems. Aggregation mechanisms may be used for uplink (UL) and/or downlink (DL) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and/or UL/DL multiple-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmissions, for example. Multi-user short packets may be aggregated and/or simultaneously transmitted for DL, UL, or peer-to-peer (P2P) transmissions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing sidelink communications in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) technologies is described herein. A WTRU receives a downlink control information (DCI) on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission from a base station, where the DCI is associated with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) that is scrambled using a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI). The WTRU determines that the DCI indicates resources for a LTE sidelink transmission when the CRC is scrambled using a sidelink semi-persistent scheduling V-RNTI, and determines the DCI indicates resources for a new radio (NR) sidelink transmission when the CRC is scrambled using a sidelink (SL)-RNTI. The WTRU transmits SL data using the resources indicated by the determined DCI. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A WTRU may select sidelink unicast or groupcast to transmit data. If the WTRU selects sidelink unicast, the WTRU may select to use HARQ ACK/NACK feedback for the transmission. If the WTRU selects sidelink groupcast, either HARQ NACK or HARQ ACK/NACK may be selected depending upon one or more factors. The WTRU may select HARQ NACK or HARQ ACK/NACK depending upon one or more of: a number of WTRUs to receive the data; a condition of a channel associated with transmission; or a quality of service associated with transmission. The WTRU may select a first or second PSFCH format for feedback based upon one or more factors. The WTRU may select a first or second PSFCH format based upon one or more of: the selected sidelink unicast or groupcast; the selected HARQ NACK or HARQ ACK/NACK feedback; or a quality of service associated with the transmission.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an extended reality (XR) device may receive a user equipment (UE) capability indicator identifying a rendering offloading capability of a UE. The XR device may transmit, to the UE, data for rendering at the UE based at least in part on receiving the UE capability indicator. The XR device may receive, from the UE, rendered data as a response to transmitting the data for rendering at the UE. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an extended reality (XR) device may transmit, to a first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, a first portion of rendering data and a second portion of rendering data, respectively, for offloaded rendering, wherein a division of the rendering data into the first portion of the rendering data and the second portion of the rendering data is based at least in part on view information. The XR device may receive, from the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device, a first portion of rendered data and a second portion of the rendered data, respectively, based at least in part on the transmitting. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: A method for transmitting system information on a PBCH is described herein. A transmission/reception point (TRP) may generate a concatenated master information block (MIB) transport block that includes information bits associated with system bandwidth information, timing information, system frame number (SFN), a beam sweeping configuration, and a control resource set (CORESET). The TRP may then attach at least 16 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits to the concatenated MIB and then prioritize the concatenated MIB and the at least 16 CRC bits based on content. The TRP may then perform channel coding of the prioritized concatenated MIB and the at least 16 CRC bits to produce coded bits using at least one polar encoder with a coding rate that is less than 1/3, perform rate matching via repetition on the coded bits, and then transmit the rate matched, coded bits on the PBCH of a radio frame.

Abstract: A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beamin the beam group.

Abstract: Methods and an apparatus for performing synchronization in New Radio (NR) systems are disclosed. A frequency band may be determined and may correspond to a WTRU. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a lower frequency, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index may be implicitly. On a condition that the operational frequency band is a higher frequency, an SSB index may be determined based on a hybrid method which includes determining the SSB index using both an implicit and an explicit method. A configuration of actually transmitted SSBs may be determined using a multi-level two stage compressed indication where SSB groups are determined based on a coarse indicator and actually transmitted SSBs with the SSB groups are determined based on a fine indicator.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a constellation symbol that includes indications that each are associated with a respective WTRU of a plurality of WTRUs. The WTRU may determine that a first weight associated with a first indication of the indications is different than a second weight associated with a second indication of the indications. The indications may comprise indications of bits modulated at a multi-user constellation bit division multiple access modulator (MU-CBDMAM).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for demodulating a NR-PBCH signal. The method may comprise receiving a primary SS and an SSS. The received SSS signal may be used as a reference signal to detect demodulation reference signals of the NR-PBCH. These demodulation reference signals may be interleaved with data on the NR-PBCH. In one method, the NR-PBCH DMRS are associated with an SSB index in an effort to improve randomization in the synchronization process. The NR-PBCH payload may be demodulated using the PSS and/or SSS and the DMRS. In one embodiment, the NR-PBCH DMRS may mapped to DMRS REs on a frequency first and time second mapping basis.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a base station, a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block transmission. The WTRU may transmit using a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource. Further, the PRACH resource may be determined based on an SS/PBCH block index. Also, the SS/PBCH block index may be determined based on information associated with the SS/PBCH block transmission. In a further example, the information associated with the PBCH block may be derived from a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence. In another example, the DMRS sequence may be a PBCH DMRS sequence. Also, the information associated with the PBCH block may be derived from PBCH payload bits. Further, the SS/PBCH block index may be associated with a beam. In addition, SS/PBCH transmissions of different beams may be transmitted at different times. Further, the PRACH resource may include a preamble resource, a time resource and a frequency resource.