Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a lithium metal battery having a negative electrode that comprises a substantially pure lithium metal and a positive electrode that comprises the epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate (?-VOPO4). The lithium metal can have less than five ppm of non-metallic elements by mass. The ?-VOPO4 can be made from solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, and be optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach full theoretical capacity with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material can adopt a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V. The ?-VOPO4 particles may be modified with niobium (Nb) to improve the cycling stability.

Abstract: A lithium battery with a cathode fabricated using an improved method for slurry formulation and electrode production. The cathode comprises the epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ?-VOPO4, made from solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, and optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach full theoretical capacity with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V. The ?-VOPO4 particles may be modified with niobium (Nb) to improve the cycling stability.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a lithium metal battery having a negative electrode that comprises a substantially pure lithium metal and a positive electrode that comprises the epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate (?-VOPO4). The lithium metal can have less than five ppm of non-metallic elements by mass. The ?-VOPO4 can be made from solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, and be optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach full theoretical capacity with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material can adopt a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V. The ?-VOPO4 particles may be modified with niobium (Nb) to improve the cycling stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for making lithium-transition metal oxide compounds suitable for use in lithium-ion cathodes for batteries. Further, the present disclosure relates to lithium-ion battery cathodes and an efficient method of preparing the materials and tuning electrochemical characteristics thereof. For example, the present disclosure relates to a process for making lithium-transition metal oxide compounds, including: forming a slurry by mixing a niobium compound including one or more of niobium ethoxide, niobium pentoxide, niobium dioxide, niobium monoxide, niobium chloride, niobium fluoride, ammonium niobium oxalate hydrate, or niobium oxalate, a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode powder or a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide cathode powder, and a solvent; and removing the solvent to form a modified lithium nickel manganese cobalt composition including niobium or a modified lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composition including niobium.

Abstract: A lithium battery with a cathode fabricated using an improved method for slurry formulation and electrode production. The cathode comprises the epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ?-VOPO4, made from solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, and optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach full theoretical capacity with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V. The ?-VOPO4 particles may be modified with niobium (Nb) to improve the cycling stability.

Abstract: A lithium battery with an improved cathode. The cathode comprises the epsilon polymorph of vanadyl phosphate, ?-VOPO4, made from solvothermally synthesized H2VOPO4, and optimized to reversibly intercalate two Li-ions to reach full theoretical capacity with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. This material adopts a stable 3D tunnel structure and can extract two Li-ions per vanadium ion, giving a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh/g, with an upper charge/discharge plateau at around 4.0 V, and one lower at around 2.5 V The ?-VOPO4 particles may be modified with niobium (Nb) to improve the cycling stability.