Abstract: The invention relates to a smoking article comprising a carbonaceous dried gel (3), (such as a xerogel, aerogel or cryogel), a filter (2) for a smoking article comprising a carbonaceous dried gel and the use of a carbonaceous dried gel for the filtration of smoke.

Abstract: The present invention refers to highly sinter-stable metal nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic spheres, the so obtained metal-loaded mesoporous graphitic particles, processes for their preparation and the use thereof as catalysts, in particular for high temperature reactions in reducing atmosphere and cathode side oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEM fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mesoporous graphitic particles having a loading of sintering-stable metal nanoparticles for fuel cells and further electrochemical applications, for example as constituent of layers in electrodes of fuel cells and batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for breaking down lignocellulose biomass. In said method, acid-impregnated lignocellulose biomass, e.g., beech wood, pine wood or sugarcane bagasse, is subjected to a mechanical treatment and the obtained break-down residues are fed to a process of separation into water-soluble and water-insoluble components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a high yield of sugar alcohols containing five to six carbon atoms from cellulose-containing materials. In a first step the starting materials (for example microcrystalline cellulose, alpha-cellulose, wood and cellulose-containing residues, such as sugar cane bagasse or wood shavings) and an acid are brought into close contact with the substrates by a impregnation carried out in the liquid or gaseous phase. In addition, in a second step the starting materials impregnated with acid and preferably dried are brought into contact by the action of mechanical energy, such that the cellulose-containing materials are degraded into water-soluble products. Subsequently, in a third step, sugar alcohols having five to six carbon atoms are obtained in a high yield and in high selectivity from the water-soluble products in aqueous solution by hydrolytic hydrogenation by means of a metal-containing catalyst under hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a high yield of sugar alcohols containing five to six carbon atoms from cellulose-containing materials. In a first step the starting materials (for example microcrystalline cellulose, alpha-cellulose, wood and cellulose-containing residues, such as sugar cane bagasse or wood shavings) and an acid are brought into close contact with the substrates by a impregnation carried out in the liquid or gaseous phase. In addition, in a second step the starting materials impregnated with acid and preferably dried are brought into contact by the action of mechanical energy, such that the cellulose-containing materials are degraded into water-soluble products. Subsequently, in a third step, sugar alcohols having five to six carbon atoms are obtained in a high yield and in high selectivity from the water-soluble products in aqueous solution by hydrolytic hydrogenation by means of a metal-containing catalyst under hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: The present invention refers to highly sinter-stable metal nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic spheres, the so obtained metal-loaded mesoporous graphitic particles, processes for their preparation and the use thereof as catalysts, in particular for high temperature reactions in reducing atmosphere and cathode side oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEM fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mesoporous graphitic particles having a loading of sintering-stable metal nanoparticles for fuel cells and further electrochemical applications, for example as constituent of layers in electrodes of fuel cells and batteries.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of monosaccharides and/or disaccharides in which monosaccharides or disaccharides are subjected to a mechanical treatment in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. During said process, a catalytic conversion of the monosaccharides or disaccharides takes place.

Abstract: A method for the acid-catalyzed depolymerization of cellulose comprises a mechanical treatment of cellulose in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. The catalytic conversion of cellulose into water-soluble products is virtually completely achieved in that celluoligomers, cellubiose, glucose and glycerol are obtained without significant byproduction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a smoking article comprising a carbonaceous dried gel (3), (such as a xerogel, aerogel or cryogel), a filter (2) for a smoking article comprising a carbonaceous dried gel and the use of a carbonaceous dried gel for the filtration of smoke.

Abstract: Platinum(II) complexes and the use of these complexes for oxidation of methane to methyl sulfate are disclosed, the catalyst having, as ligands, a network based on aromatic N-heterocycles which has at least 2 coordinative nitrogen atoms per platinum atom, and the complex anion is selected from a halide, hydrogensulfate, hydrogensulfite, sulfate, sulfite, methylsulfate, methanol, water, hydroxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogencarbonate and carbonate. The catalyst enables a selective low-temperature oxidation of methane to methyl sulfate or methanol. The catalysts not only exhibit high activity, but can also be removed easily from the reaction mixture and reused over several runs without significant loss of activity.

Abstract: A process for the depolymerization of cellulose, in which a solution of cellulose in an ionic liquid is brought into contact with a solid acid as catalyst, is claimed. The cellulose can be depolymerized within a short reaction time to form a low molecular weight or oligomeric reaction mixture having a narrow molecular weight distribution (low polydispersity, d, defined as ratio of Pw to Pn).

Abstract: A process is claimed for synthesizing compounds, in which solids are reacted with one or more gases, in which the solids are ground above atmospheric pressure in the presence of the gas. To perform the process, preference is given to using a mill with a grinding space (1) which accommodates the material being ground (10), and in which the grinding space (1) can be sealed in a pressure-tight manner even against high internal pressures (P1).

Abstract: High dispersion of hydrogen storage material comprising a component suitable for hydrogen storage purposes selected from alkali alanate, a mixture of aluminum metal with alkali metal and/or alkali metal hydride and magnesium hydride or mixtures thereof, wherein the hydrogen storage component is encapsulated in a porous matrix.

Abstract: Transition metal complexes with quino[7,8-h]quinolines and cyclopentadieno[1,2-h:4,3-h?]diquinolines as proton sponge ligands and a process for their preparation. These complexes are suitable as catalysts, e.g. the palladium complexes for a Heck reaction, as well as for amination and C—H activation reactions. The platinum and palladium complexes are potentially good cytostatic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials which are stable at high temperatures and which have high specific surfaces. Said materials are produced by heating them to a temperature in a matrix above the later temperature at which they are used, e.g. aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The temperature of the specific surfaces thereof, after relatively long tempering, is 1100° C. or 1000° C., even above 50 m2/g or 10 m2/g. Carrier catalysts can be also be produced according to said method.

Abstract: Method for determining useful properties of individual building blocks of a material library including a substrate having at least two individual building blocks in at least two sections separated from one another, which method includes: (ii) introducing at least one starting material into at least two sections of a substrate of a material library which are separated from one another, in order to carry out a chemical or physical or chemical and physical reaction of the starting material in the at least two substrate sections separated from another, in each case in the presence of the corresponding building block, obtaining in each case an effluent comprising at least one reaction product and/or starting material and, (iii) analysing the effluent obtained in the reaction according to (ii) comprising at least one reaction product and/or starting material; the effluent being analysed by recording and analysing at least one photoacoustic signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved materials for reversibly storing hydrogen using alkali metal aluminum hydrides (alkali metal alanates) or mixtures of aluminum metal with alkali metal (hydride)s by doping these materials with catalysts having a high degree of dispersion or a large specific surface.

Abstract: Process for the detection of a product in the discharge of a catalytic material of a plurality of catalytic materials which are exposed to a reaction gas, whereby an adsorbent selective for the product to be determined is disposed in the discharge of each catalytic material, which changes at least one of its properties through the contact with the product to be determined and the change in the property of the adsorbent is then ascertained. The process serves in particular to determine the selectivity and activity of catalytic materials.