Abstract: A compact gas fired steam generator comprises a water tank with designated steam separation zone, boiling zone and a solids separation zone, a burner for burning gaseous fuel with air for producing combustion products and a flat tubular type heat exchanger immersed in water in the water tank. The combustion products are passing through the heat exchanger in an indirect heat transfer relationship with water in boiling zone thereby boiling, circulating and evaporating the water in boiling zone and in an indirect heat transfer relationship with cold make up water passing upwardly through solids separation zone thereby preheating cold make up water and cooling combustion products and recovering latent heat and condensing moisture present in combustion products. The cooled combustion products are discharged to outdoors and the collected condensed moisture is discharged to drain.

Abstract: A compact gas fired steam generator comprises a steam separation chamber integrated with vertical fin tubes, a down corner tube and a tube header immersed in a thermally insulated firebox chamber provided with horizontally firing gas burners, a condensing heat exchanger for recovery of the waste heat from flue gases to preheat the feed water and the return condensate and a heat exchanger to recover waste heat from the blow down boiling water to the incoming feed water, all enclosed in a thermally insulated casing.

Abstract: An apparatus for dehumidification and cooling of moist air for use in ventilation and air - conditioning applications comprises two fixed bed sorption dehumidification-heat recovery units equipped with a valving system permitting continuous countercurrent cyclic operation removing moisture and sorption heat from the treated moist outdoor air to provide dehumidified and cool fresh air. Additional cooling of the treated fresh air if desired may be achieved in a conventional direct evaporative cooler. Released sorption heat is recovered and used in reactivation of the spent sorbent material with the required additional heat being provided by fossil fuel, solar or waste heat energy sources. Small amount of electric power is used for operation of two air blowers that provide also balanced ventilation of the air conditioned space. Cooling COP of the apparatus is higher than that of the prior art systems.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for residential, commercial and industrial airconditioning involving balanced heat recovery ventilation, heating, humidification, dehumidification, cooling and air filtration comprises two treatment vessels, each containing a compact packed bed of a solid sorbent material, a heater and a solid heat exchanging material, a 4-way valve for switching the flows of the exhausted stale air and the incoming fresh air between the two treatment vessels to permit a cyclic countercurrent short cycle operation of the packed beds to achieve efficient transfer of heat and moisture between the two air streams. The two treatment vessels are complemented with a combustor, a direct evaporative cooler and a solid state process controler permitting operation of the apparatus to provide the required services during the winter-heating season, summer-cooling season and the rest of the year-ventilation season to maintain comfort in the air conditioned space.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for biological treatment of waste waters achieving biological oxidation of organic matter, biological nitrification and denitrification of nitrogenous compounds and biological removal of phosphorus and clarification of the treated waste water in a single reaction tank in a single suspended growth sludge system without the use of traditional compressors, mixers, recirculation pumps, piping and valving and without the use of the traditional clarifier.

Abstract: A waste water treatment plant providing biological oxidation, biological nitrification and denitrification and biological removal of phosphorus and clarification of the treated waste water in a single reaction tank in a single suspended growth sludge system without the use of the traditional compressors, surface aerators, mixers, recirculation pumps, sludge scrapers, sludge return pumps, piping and valving.

Abstract: A selfcontained apparatus for on-site renovation of sanitary waters comprises of three aeration chambers, a mineral storage and dispensing container, a submerged suspended solids separator located in the third aeration chamber, a flow equalizer, a chemical oxidizing agent dispensing system, a chemical oxidation-clarification chamber and a charcoal containing chamber, all enclosed in a single tank designed for use on land as a single or multiple family wastewater renovation system, or off-shore as a marine sanitation device.

Abstract: A self-contained apparatus for on-site renovation of sanitary waters comprises of three bioreaction chambers, a mineral storage and dispensing container, a submerged suspended solids separator located in the third bioreaction chamber, a flow equalizer, a chemical oxidizing agent dispensing system, a chemical oxidation-clarification chamber and a charcoal containing chamber, all enclosed in a single tank designed for use as on-site single or multiple family waste water renovation system.

Abstract: A purification process for removal of suspended solids, carbonaceous material, nitrogenous material, phosphorus, refractory organics, bacteria and viruses comprises of combining and carrying out the various biochemical and chemical reactions and separation of the suspended solids in a single sludge system in a simplified process sequence suitable for use in a single reaction tank.The biooxidation, nitrification, denitrification and chemical precipitation processes are carried out in presence of mixed microbial population entrapped into fluidized nonbiodegradable suspended solids with portion of the fluidized suspended solids circulating through three reaction zones having varying concentration of disolved oxygen to maintain environmental conditions to support growth of the microbial population and simultaneously to maintain operating conditions required to carry out the involved reactions.

Abstract: A purification process for the removal of biodegradable suspended and dissolved organic solids, nitrogenous compounds and phosphates from contaminated water by biological and chemical reactions carried out simultaneously in active media of a biological waste treatment reaction system. The process comprises adding a finely divided mineral or mixture of minerals to the reaction system. Various levels of oxygen in the system are maintained to provide for biological oxidation of organic compounds and biological nitrification of nitrogen containing compounds and subsequent biological denitrification of the formed nitrites and nitrates. The selection of the mineral is such that through its dissociation in the system, the released metal ions are capable of precipitating a portion of ionic species, particularly phosphates present in the processed waste water, at the operating pH range of 6 to 8.

Abstract: Apparatus in which contaminants from the raw or waste waters are removed by combined biological-chemical degradation of such contaminants comprises first, second and third chambers. An aeration zone is provided in the first chamber. A slanted plate is located in the second chamber to define an aeration zone which overlies a sludge separation zone. Means for transferring such waters from the equalization zone to the upper region of the aeration zone is provided. The slanted plate provides for a downflow of waters through the aeration zone and an upflow of waters through the sludge separation zone, where due to the lower end of the slanted plate being spaced from the lower portion of the second chamber wall forms a constriction to the flow of waters to increase the rate of flow and form a fluidized bed of active media in the sludge separation zone.

Abstract: A waste water treatment apparatus has a cylindrical container, an inverted funnel in the container defining a flow path for liquid through the container, an inlet communicating with the container outside the funnel and an outlet communicating with the container inside the funnel, a riser tube centrally and axially located within the container and having liquid discharge means communicating with the upper end thereof and a gas feed tube for discharge of gas into the riser tube at its lower end to draw material into and up the riser tube for discharge from the discharge means into liquid in the container outside the funnel.

Abstract: A waste water treatment system for the renovation of waste water includes a four stage treatment for removal of gross solids, suspended, colloidal and dissolved organic matter, dissolved nitrogenous material, phosphates odor, color, coliform and residual solids.

Abstract: An on-site waste disposal system utilizes controlled incineration of solid wastes and economic heat recovery from flue gases to dispose of solid wastes from a high population dwelling area, such as an apartment building, to decrease substantially the volume and mass of solid wastes to be disposed of and provide a cool clean flue gas. The heat generated by the self-sustaining combustion of the solid wastes is used to heat hot water for the apartment building and, preferably purify waste water from an on-site sewage treatment system.

Abstract: Suspended and dissolved biodegradable carbonaceous materials and nitrogenous materials present as contaminants in waste water, typically in raw domestic or municipal sewage, are substantially removed by a one-stage treatment. The waste water is contacted with a mixture of activated carbon and microorganisms, known herein as activated sludge, having molecular oxygen absorbed therein, which results in adsorption and biooxidation of the carbonaceous material, biooxidation of non-nitrate nitrogenous material to nitrate and depletion of the molecular oxygen whereupon biological reduction of the nitrate to nitrogen gases occurs. The nitrogen gases are vented and the resulting treated water is separated from the activated sludge. Regeneration of the activated sludge may be achieved by air stripping, after which the regenerated activated sludge material may be recycled. Further, the treated water may be subjected to clarification to complete the biological reactions and to remove residual suspended solids.