Abstract: A laboratory scale continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (100) includes a reservoir (104), a feed pump (102), a mixing element (108) with two inlets and an outlet, a hydrogenation reactor (110) and a pressure-adjusting unit (112), all connected into a flow path. A hydrogen source (126) and a one-way valve (120) are arranged between the hydrogen source (126) and the second inlet of the mixing element (108). The feed pump (102) can provide a constant volume rate. The reservoir (104) contains at least a solvent base solution of the sample to be hydrogenated. The hydrogenation reactor (110) connects into the flow path by detachable connections and is formed as a replaceable cartridge containing a packing which increases the flow resistance and facilitates mixing. The pressure-adjusting unit (112) connects into the flow path after the hydrogenation reactor (110) and is provided with a regulation controlled electrically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous electrode used in an electrochemical cell, containing a carrier and/or catalytic agent, which is characterised by that it consists of two or more layers with different average pore sizes, out of which layers the contact layer with the smallest average pore size is in contact with the membrane, and one or more supporting layers with a greater average pore size are linked to the other side of this contact layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a procedure for the manufacturing of such electrodes and to electrochemical cells containing such electrodes.

Abstract: A flow-type laboratory scale ozonolysis apparatus (100) according to the invention comprises a reservoir (104), a n feed pump (102), a mixing element (120) with two inlets and an outlet, a reactor unit (110) and a pressure-adjusting means (160), all connected into a flow path. The ozonolysis apparatus (100) further comprises an ozone source (110), as well as a dispensing valve (112) transmitting a gas stream only in a single direction and installed between the ozone source (110) and one of the inlets of the mixing element (120). The feed pump (102) of the ozonolysis apparatus (100) according to the invention is a liquid pump generating a constant volume rate, the reservoir (104) contains at least the substance, as a solute, to be subjected to the ozonolysis reaction and the reactor unit consists of first and second reactor zones differing in function from one another. In the flow path, the outlet of the first reactor zone is connected to the inlet of the second reactor zone.

Abstract: In a method according to the invention for forming a sealed channel (125) in the surface of a sheet made of a material with certain extent of plasticity, the machining surface of a tool with a rolling machining surface is brought into contact with a first point of the channel (125) to be formed in the surface of the sheet constituting a reactor block. Next, said machining surface is pressed onto the surface of the sheet with a compressive force (F) required to achieve the depth of the channel (125) to be formed, whereby the plastic material is squeezed out and becomes raised from the sheet surface on the peripheries of the depression being formed.

Abstract: The ozone generating electrolysis cell (10) according to the invention has a negative electrode (13) and an ozone generating positive electrode (16) comprising a mixture of lead dioxide and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A proton conducting solid electrolytic membrane (15) is arranged between the negative and positive electrodes (13, 16). The ozone generating electrolysis cell (10) also comprises an electrically conducting, liquid and gas permeable first electrode support (17) in contact with a side of the positive electrode (16) located opposite to the membrane (15), wherein said side of the electrode support (17) has a surface covered with a platinum-containing layer. The positive electrode (16) is made of a mixture prepared by the high-pressure compression of lead dioxide grains of colloid size and PTFE filaments having a dimension of at most 1 mm.

Abstract: A laboratory-scale hydrogenation cartridge reactor for hydrogenating an inflowing multi-component fluid composition includes a flow inlet defining an inflow cross-section and used for introducing the fluid composition, a flow outlet defining an outflow cross-section for discharging the hydrogenated fluid, a closed reaction volume extending between and communicating with the inlet and outlet and having a useful space of at most 10 cm3. The reaction volume is filled with an immobilized packing medium that increases flow resistance and facilitates mixing of the fluid composition. The flow inlet and the flow outlet are formed with respective detachable connection structures. A steep transitional zone is defined between the inflow side of the reaction volume and the flow inlet, wherein the cross-section of the widest portion of the steep transitional zone where the zone communicates with the reaction volume is significantly larger than the inflow cross-section.

Abstract: A flow-type laboratory hydrogenation apparatus (100) comprises a reservoir (104), a feed pump (102), a mixing element (108) with two inlets and an outlet, a hydrogenation reactor (110) and a pressure-adjusting unit (112), all connected into a flow path. The apparatus (100) also comprises a hydrogen source (126) and a one-way valve (120) arranged between the hydrogen source (126) and the second inlet of the mixing element (108). The feed pump (102) is realized by a pump providing a constant volume rate. The reservoir (104) contains at least the solvent, as base solution, of the sample to be hydrogenated. The hydrogenation reactor (110) is connected into the flow path by means of detachable connections and is formed as a replaceable cartridge which contains a packing which increases the flow resistance and facilitates mixing of the liquid and gaseous components.

Abstract: Compounds inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) activities and methods of preparing and using thereof in treating diseases are disclosed. Compounds inhibiting PI 3-K activity and methods of using PI 3-K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell grwoth or to treat disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI 3-K plays a role in leukocyte function are also provided.