Abstract: An EM emitter includes at least three orthogonal coils driven by an oscillating voltage source, with the coils being electrically in parallel or series. When used in a vehicle, particularly an airplane, and the vehicle is lost, e.g., sinks, the emitter's EM signal passes through water with little attenuation and can be detected and the vehicle located.

Abstract: An EM emitter includes at least three orthogonal coils driven by an oscillating voltage source, with the coils being electrically in parallel or series. When used in a vehicle, particularly an airplane, and the vehicle is lost, e.g., sinks, the emitter's EM signal passes through water with little attenuation and can be detected and the vehicle located.

Abstract: An EM emitter includes at least three orthogonal coils driven by an oscillating voltage source, with the coils being electrically in parallel or series. When used in a vehicle, particularly an airplane, and the vehicle is lost, e.g., sinks, the emitter's EM signal passes through water with little attenuation and can be detected and the vehicle located.

Abstract: A superconductor crossbar switch for connecting a plurality of inputs with a plurality of outputs, including a switching cell having an input, an output and a circuit for connecting the input with the output for bidirectionally transmitting data therebetween. The connection of the retaining and releasing circuitry of a plurality of cells enables the switch to simultaneously retain a selected cell or cells of a group of cells and disable the remaining cells of that group, whereby a subsequent query on a disabled cell is inoperative until the selected cell or cells is released. The crossbar switch is characterized by latency on the order of nanoseconds, a data rate per channel on the order of gigabits per second, essentially zero crosstalk, and detection of contention in nanoseconds or less and resolution of contention in nanoseconds or less.