Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with an inverter-based electric power generator and an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with a converter-based electric power generator and an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with a converter-based electric power generator and an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for publishing time-synchronized information. In one embodiment, a system may include a time interface configured to receive a common time signal and a network interface configured to transmit a plurality of data packets using a network. A publishing subsystem may be configured to cause the system to publish at least one data value according to a schedule and the common time signal. A processing sequence number subsystem may be configured to generate a processing sequence number to be included in the plurality of data packets and to reset the processing sequence number at a fixed interval based on the common time signal. A data packet subsystem may be configured to generate a plurality of data packets comprising a respective processing sequence number and the at least one data value.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for publishing time-synchronized information. In one embodiment, a system may include a time interface configured to receive a common time signal and a network interface configured to transmit a plurality of data packets using a network. A publishing subsystem may be configured to cause the system to publish at least one data value according to a schedule and the common time signal. A processing sequence number subsystem may be configured to generate a processing sequence number to be included in the plurality of data packets and to reset the processing sequence number at a fixed interval based on the common time signal. A data packet subsystem may be configured to generate a plurality of data packets comprising a respective processing sequence number and the at least one data value.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for publishing time-synchronized information. In one embodiment, a system may include a time interface configured to receive a common time signal and a network interface configured to transmit a plurality of data packets using a network. A publishing subsystem may be configured to cause the system to publish at least one data value according to a schedule and the common time signal. A processing sequence number subsystem may be configured to generate a processing sequence number to be included in the plurality of data packets and to reset the processing sequence number at a fixed interval based on the common time signal. A data packet subsystem may be configured to generate a plurality of data packets comprising a respective processing sequence number and the at least one data value.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. Tilt of the adaptive reactance element and resistance blinders may be limited. When an angle between the sequence-component based, current polarizing quantity and the element loop current does not exceed a predetermined angle threshold, the sequence-component based polarizing quantity may be used. Otherwise, the element loop current may be used to limit the tilt. Fault detection may comprise comparing both the adaptive resistance blinders for forward and reverse load flow conditions to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. Tilt of the adaptive reactance element and resistance blinders may be limited. When an angle between the sequence-component based, current polarizing quantity and the element loop current does not exceed a predetermined angle threshold, the sequence-component based polarizing quantity may be used. Otherwise, the element loop current may be used to limit the tilt. Fault detection may comprise comparing both the adaptive resistance blinders for forward and reverse load flow conditions to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. The adaptive resistance blinder may be adapted to certain power system conditions, such as forward load flow and/or reverse load flow. A forward adaptive resistance blinder may be calculated in parallel with a reverse adaptive resistance blinder. The forward adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for forward load flow conditions, and the reverse adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for reverse load flow conditions. Fault detection may be performed by comparing both the forward and reverse adaptive resistance blinders to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. The adaptive resistance blinder may be adapted to certain power system conditions, such as forward load flow and/or reverse load flow. A forward adaptive resistance blinder may be calculated in parallel with a reverse adaptive resistance blinder. The forward adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for forward load flow conditions, and the reverse adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for reverse load flow conditions. Fault detection may be performed by comparing both the forward and reverse adaptive resistance blinders to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. The adaptive resistance blinder may be adapted to certain power system conditions, such as forward load flow and/or reverse load flow. A forward adaptive resistance blinder may be calculated in parallel with a reverse adaptive resistance blinder. The forward adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for forward load flow conditions, and the reverse adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for reverse load flow conditions. Fault detection may be performed by comparing both the forward and reverse adaptive resistance blinders to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. The adaptive resistance blinder may be adapted to certain power system conditions, such as forward load flow and/or reverse load flow. A forward adaptive resistance blinder may be calculated in parallel with a reverse adaptive resistance blinder. The forward adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for forward load flow conditions, and the reverse adaptive resistance blinder may use a polarizing quantity adapted for reverse load flow conditions. Fault detection may comprise comparing both the forward and reverse adaptive resistance blinders to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a protective relaying system that trips a local circuit breaker (BL) connected to a transmission line by providing a trip signal ("TRIP.sub.-- BL") to the circuit breaker. The system comprises a local filter operatively coupled to the transmission line, and a local relay operatively coupled to the filter. The local filter receives inputs indicative of phase currents on the transmission line and provides an output ("VFL.sub.k ") derived from the inputs. The local relay (1) receives the output (VFL.sub.k) of the local filter, (2) receives an output ("VFR1.sub.k ", "VFR2.sub.k ") of at least one remote filter, and (3) generates the trip signal. The local filter and relay preferably employ substantially all digital electronic circuitry to generate the trip signal.

Abstract: A numerical comparator employs numerical techniques based upon the behavior of the cylinder unit to compare phasors in real time. In one application, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, M.sub.k+1, is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output M.sub.k+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output M.sub.k+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold. In yet another application, time dependent waveforms of positive and negative symmetrical sequence components are digitally produced.

Abstract: A numerical comparator is disclosed. The numerical comparator employs numerical techniques based upon the behavior of the cylinder unit to compare phasors in real time. In one application of this invention, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, M.sub.k+1, is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output M.sub.k+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output M.sub.k+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A numerical comparator is disclosed. The numerical comparator employs numerical techniques based upon the behavior of the cylinder unit to compare phasors in real time. In one application of this invention, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, M.sub.k+1, is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output M.sub.k+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output M.sub.k+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold.