Abstract: Managing file objects in a data storage system includes providing a plurality of metadata servers, each metadata server having information for only a subset of file objects in the storage system, each subset for each of the metadata servers being less than a total number of file objects for the system and includes providing at least one metadata location server, where an entity accessing a specific file object of the system determines which of the metadata servers contains data for the specific file object by first accessing the at least one metadata location server. Information for the subset of file objects may include a table having file identifiers and metadata location information. The metadata location information may point to data storage for a metadata object for a file.

Abstract: Managing files includes receiving a plurality of policies for a new file, where different policies may be applied according to predetermined conditions, receiving a request to create a new file, selecting an appropriate policy for the new file according to the predetermined conditions, determining if sufficient resources are available according to the appropriate policy, and obtaining file objects to create the file in response to their being sufficient resources according to the appropriate policy. Policies may be received via a user management interface. The predetermined conditions may include an identity of a client creating a file. The appropriate policy may include information regarding mirrors for the file. The appropriate policy may indicate a minimum geographic distance between the mirrors.

Abstract: Managing a plurality of files includes providing at least one server having a table with plurality of file identifiers, each of the file identifiers including a pointer to a metadata file object containing a layout storage object that indicates storage parameters for corresponding files and includes accessing a particular one of the files by obtaining information from the at least one server to access the layout storage object corresponding to the particular file to determine synchronous and asynchronous mirrors for the file. Each layout storage object may be provided as a tree and leaves of the tree may map logical addresses of a corresponding file to data storage locations. At least one internal node of the tree may indicate that at least one leaf node thereof is a mirror of an other leaf node thereof.

Abstract: Accessing data file objects includes providing a file system interface on a client, where the file system interface allows an application running on the client to make file system calls to access the data file objects. A Web Services interface may also be provided on the client, where the Web Services interface allows an application to access file objects using the Web Services at the same time that file objects are being accessed through the file system interface. The Web Services interface may be a SOAP interface and/or a REST interface. Accessing data file objects may also include providing a direct file object interface on the client, where the direct file object interface allows an application to directly access file objects at the same time that file objects are being accessed using the Web Services interface and using the file system interface.

Abstract: Described are techniques used in connection with providing continuous data backups of primary storage. A first technique uses distributed partial journals and a copy of the primary storage. A distributed partial journal is used for each input port. The partial journals are periodically incorporated into a main journal in accordance with a time stamp for the data modification recorded in each partial journal entry. A second technique, a copy on write, uses the distributed partial journals without requiring a copy of the primary storage. For each write to an address, the current contents of the address is journaled before the address on primary storage is updated.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for managing one or more data storage networks using a new architecture. A method for handling logical to physical mapping is included in one embodiment with the new architecture. A method for handling errors is included in another embodiment with the new architecture.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for managing one or more data storage networks using a new architecture. A method for handling logical to physical mapping is included in one embodiment with the new architecture. A method for handling errors is included in another embodiment with the new architecture.

Abstract: This invention is a system and method for managing one or more data storage networks using a new architecture. A method for handling logical to physical mapping is included in one embodiment with the new architecture. A method for handling errors is included in another embodiment with the new architecture.

Abstract: One embodiment is a method and apparatus for managing a virtual data storage object in a computer system including at least one host and at least one storage device that present at least one storage disk to the host as a storage resource. The host includes at least one of an LVM and a file system. The virtual data storage object is created so that at least one of a logical volume and a file is employed as a storage resource to store data stored to the virtual data storage object. Another embodiment forms a virtual data storage object with data images stored on logical volumes from LVMs on different hosts. A further embodiment forms a virtual data storage object with one data image stored to a disk and another stored to a logical volume. Another embodiment is directed to a method and apparatus for distributing the metadata that defines a virtual storage object about the computer system.

Abstract: An interconnected rotary system with built-in suspension is provided for baby prams, intended to provide a use of only two wheels with interconnected steering. This system consists of two rotary suspension blocks (2) supporting the wheels (1) fixed to the chassis on (X) with a suspension spring (5) inside the rotary block (2) and with the rotary points (Y) on which a steering bar (3) is articulated. This new system will allow the use of larger wheels, increasing both the baby and user's comfort.

Abstract: A digital data processing apparatus configured to selectively transfer data between a primary data storage element and an associated data file on a secondary data storage element. The apparatus includes a primary data storage element that stores data for access by one or more processes, as well as a non-volatile secondary data storage element. A directory stores attributes reflecting a state of one or more subsets of data in respective sets. During transfer of data between the primary data storage element and the secondary data storage element, the apparatus stores data corresponding to the attribute in a second file on the second storage element, in response to detecting the transfer and detecting the attribute indicates an atomic state corresponding to the first data.

Abstract: An interconnected rotary system with built-in suspension is provided for baby prams, intended to provide a use of only two wheels with interconnected steering. This system consists of two rotary suspension blocks (2) supporting the wheels (1) fixed to the chassis on (X) with a suspension spring (5) inside the rotary block (2) and with the rotary points (Y) on which a steering bar (3) is articulated. This new system will allow the use of larger wheels, increasing both the baby and user's comfort.

Abstract: A digital data processing apparatus has a primary data storage element that stores data for access by one or more processes, as well as a secondary data storage element, e.g., a disk drive, for non-volatile data storage. A paging mechanism selectively transfers sets of data between the primary data storage element and an associated data file on the secondary data storage element. A directory stores “atomic” signals, or bits, each reflecting a state of one or more subsets of data in respective sets. The paging mechanism includes a page-out element that stores data from a subset of a set to the associated data file. During paging, the page-out element responds to data in the subset which are associated with the atomic state (as indicated by the atomic bit) for storing to an associated status file on the secondary data storage element attributes of the paged data. Those signals can be, for example, the atomic bits themselves.

Abstract: A digital data processing apparatus has a memory element that stores data for access by one or more processes, as well as a secondary storage element, e.g., a disk drive, for non-volatile data storage. A paging mechanism selectively transfers sets of data between the memory and an associated data file on the disk. A directory stores signals reflecting an attribute of one or more data in the set. The paging mechanism includes a page-out element that stores data from a subset of the set to the associated data file. During paging, that element responds to data in the subset which are associated with the attribute—as reflected by the directory—for storing to an associated status file on the disk that attribute.

Abstract: A digital data processing system and method with shared, distributed memory transfers data between corresponding data sets within memory. The digital data processing system includes a plurality of processing cells interconnected by a hierarchical network, at least some of the processing cells including a processor and a memory. Each memory provides storage space which is arranged in sets, with each set being capable of holding a plurality of data pages. At least one of the processing cells, as a first processing cell, includes a page distributor for determining when at least a first set in the associated memory has reached a predetermined storage commitment condition (for example, a filled condition). Under such a condition, the page distributor invokes a page-transfer element that selects a candidate processing cell from among the other processing cells and transfers one or more pages from the first set to a corresponding set in the candidate processing cell.

Abstract: A digital data processing apparatus includes a processing element that executes a process for generating requests for access to mapped data in a memory element. The apparatus also includes a fork/checkpoint-signalling element that generates "new-process signals" which delineate new time intervals. The apparatus responds to data requests generated by the process before the first new-process signal by accessing a requested datum as stored in a first set in memory. An address space manager responds to certain requests, e.g., for write access, in subsequent intervals for copying the requested datum from the most recent set in which it is stored to the current interval and, thereafter, accessing that copy. The manager responds to other requests, e.g., those for read-type access, by accessing the requested datum in the most recent set in which it is stored.