Abstract: Embodiments related to electrodes comprising composite mixtures and related devices (e.g., convection batteries), systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A convection enhanced energy storage system includes an electrochemical cell with a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, a tank holding an electrolyte, and a pump connected to the electrochemical cell and the tank to circulate the electrolyte. The electrochemical cell has large ? and ? values, which has high transport resistance from diffusion and there is limited salt in the electrolyte solution to compensate. A computer system can implement a model of a convection enhanced energy storage system, for example for simulation to select parameters for such an energy storage system. The model includes: a convection term in a Nernst-Planck equation representing the convection enhanced energy storage system; boundary conditions of a cell of the convection enhanced energy storage system to account for forced convection at boundaries; gauging conservation of anions within an external tank; and calculating electrode active area as a function of porosity.

Abstract: Methods of forming porous electrodes are provided, such porous electrodes, and thus the techniques for forming the same, having beneficial uses in conjunction with redox flow batteries. The methods include the use of phase inversion as part of the fabrication process. In one exemplary embodiment, a polymer solution is immersed in one solvent in conjunction with performing polymer blend casting, and then is subsequently immersed in a second solvent to induce phase inversion. The phase inversion causes two polymers from the polymer solution to separate, leaving one polymer as a standalone porous polymer and the other polymer with the two solvents in which the polymer solution was disposed. Post-treatments can be performed on the porous polymer to form a desired porous electrode configuration. The electrode can be used in a redox flow battery, for example. Various formulation techniques and recipes, along with resulting porous electrode configurations, are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments related to electrodes comprising composite mixtures and related devices (e.g., convection batteries), systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.