Abstract: Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.

Abstract: Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.

Abstract: Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.

Abstract: Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.

Abstract: Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.