Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating the tensile and compressive properties of material samples at very low or cryogenic temperatures employs a stationary frame and a dewar mounted below the frame. A pair of coaxial cylindrical tubes extend downward towards the bottom of the dewar. A compressive or tensile load is generated hydraulically and is transmitted by the inner tube to the material sample. The material sample is located near the bottom of the dewar in a liquid refrigerant bath. The apparatus employs a displacement measuring device, such as a linear variable differential transformer, to measure the deformation of the material sample relative to the amount of compressive or tensile force applied to the sample.

Abstract: A shield from a laser beam has an upper material which disperses the laser beam into a larger cross sectional area, and a lower material which reflects the dispersed laser beam back through the upper material. The upper material may be a woven fiberglass sheet and the lower material may be a sheet made of woven metallic wires. The shield may be made from cylindrical fiberglass and metallic fabric as a shield for an endotracheal tube for use during laser surgery of a patient`s throat region. The materials may be made in sheets to form protective drapes for protection of equipment from a laser beam during laser surgery. An umbrella having a reflective surface that unfolds under pressure from a balloon used to secure an endotracheal tube in a patient's throat protects the balloon from the laser beam during laser surgery.

Abstract: A hemodialyzer in which a sealant anchors the edges of a plurality of generally planar semipermeable membranes to a generally rigid case. The moisture content of the membranes is maintained at approximately a constant value so as to prevent stress from being built up in the hemodialyzer due to changes in the dimensions of the anchored membranes with changes in moisture content. A stack of semipermeable membrane material is confined between wedge blocks within the hemodialyzer case. The wedge blocks permit the hemodialyzer to be assembled without placing shearing stresses on the membrane. Also, by trapping the last pleats of the membrane between the case and the outer surfaces of the wedge blocks the last pleats are easily encapsulated with sealant and thus sealed.

Abstract: A semipermeable membrane is folded in accordion fashion to form a stack of pleats and the edges are sealed so as to isolate the opposite surfaces of the membrane. The stack is contained within a case that provides ports for flow of blood in contact with one surface of the membrane through channels formed by the pleats and also provides ports for flow of a dialysate through channels formed by the pleats in contact with the other surface of the membrane. The serpentine side edges of the membrane are sealed by a solidified plastic material, whereas effective mechanical means are provided to seal the end edges of the folded membrane. The mechanical means include a clamping strip which biases case sealing flanges into a sealed relationship with end portions of the membrane near the end edges, which portions extend from the stack and between the sealing flanges.