Abstract: The present invention relates to a display, and a method for making the display, comprising a substrate, an inactive area comprising at least one conductive layer, an active area comprising an electrically modulated imaging layer comprising an electrically modulated imaging material, and at least one graded contrast enhancing matrix layer wherein the graded contrast enhancing matrix layer comprises a light absorbing material, wherein the graded contrast enhancing matrix layer has a refractive index, wherein the imaginary part of the refractive index increases with distance from the substrate, and the change in the imaginary part of the refractive index through the thickness of the graded contrast enhancing matrix layer is greater than 0.2, wherein the graded contrast enhancing matrix layer registers with at least a portion of the inactive area and extends into said active area.

Abstract: An electromodulating display comprises (1) a nonconductive polymeric unitary substrate containing a plurality of patterned grooves containing an electrically-conductive material so as to form an electrical network having a switchable electric field orientation; (2) a switch for switching the electric field orientation; and (3) a medium that is optically shifted in response to the switching of the electric field orientation.

Abstract: An array having a plurality of column electrodes and a plurality of rows of individually addressable OLED pixels, each row including a commonly shared electrode including wherein at least one OLED pixel in each row has a current limiting component and an organic electroluminescent diode and such at least one OLED pixel is connected between said commonly shared electrode and one of the plurality of column electrodes for conducting current therebetween, and wherein the at least one organic electroluminescent diode is connected in series with the current limiting component.