Abstract: An enclosure 1 has a measurably variable volume chamber 2, a control for controlling the temperature of the fluid contained therein and apparatus for measuring the pressure of the fluid. The chamber is selectively connectable, on the one hand, to a filling device 6, for introducing the sample, and on the other hand to a fluid extraction apparatus 7, 8. The enclosure 1 is selectively connectable to a tubular loop 9 having a circulation pump 10 and apparatus 11 for measuring the density of the sample of circulating fluid. By varying the volume of chamber 2, the thermodynamic characteristics of monophase and diphase fluids can be accurately determined. The apparatus is especially useful for the study of fluid of hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: Packing or sealing moving in a hollow cylinder.Such a device, or moving piston with self-tightening ring, comprises two elements of cylindrical external outline such as a cylindrical rod integral with the first element slides in a cylindrical chamber delimited inside a second element and facing the first element, the two elements being separated by an annular ring that ensures the packing or sealing with the internal wall of the cylinder.Such a piston allows to suppress use of mercury as pressure transmission agent.

Abstract: Safety device for igniting fuel gas discharged by the orifice of a flare stack, incorporating a pilot light whose nozzle issues into the vicinity of the orifice of the flare, said pilot light which is equipped with an ignition device is connected by a supply pipe to an auxiliary fuel gas source, said supply pipe being provided with a valve having an opening position and a closing position which are controlled by a mechanism connected by a first servo-system to the detector detecting the admission of the gas to be burned into the flare stack such that the detection of a flow of gas into said stack controls the opening position of the valve and the detection of the stoppage of this flow controls the closing position of the valve, wherein the ignition means of the pilot light comprises a refractory body located in the extension of the nozzle of the pilot light, said solid body being provided with heating means for raising it and maintaining it at a temperature of at least 800.degree. C.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersing waste gas in the form of mixtures of controlled composition. This apparatus ejects the gas through at least one nozzle at a pressure above blast pressure and below the stable ignition pressure in the presence of a flame, these blast and ignition pressures being predetermined in relation to the area of the nozzle opening. The apparatus can comprise a number of nozzles which diverge relative to each other, the area S of the opening which corresponds to a diameter d=.sqroot.4S/.pi., with a minimum angle .alpha..alpha. between the axes of adjoining nozzles, and a distance D between each nozzle opening, and wherein D/d.gtoreq.80 and .alpha..gtoreq.20.degree..

Abstract: A process and device for dispersing waste gas in the form of mixtures of controlled composition. This process comprises ejecting the gas through at least one nozzle at a pressure above blast pressure and below the stable ignition pressure in the presence of a flame, these blast and ignition pressures being specified in relation to the area of the nozzle opening. The device employing this process may comprise a number of diverging nozzles, the area S of the opening of which corresponds to a diameter d=.sqroot.4S/.pi., with a minimum angle .alpha. between the axes of adjoining nozzles, and a distance D between each nozzle opening, the device being characterized by the fact that D/d.gtoreq.80 and .alpha..gtoreq.20.degree..

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for handling samples of fluids under pressure to maintain the fluid in a monophasic state.In said apparatus and process the pressure variations of said fluid sample are limited so as to maintain the same in the monophasic state, by varying the volume available for said fluid sample in accordance with any variations of the temperature of the same.

Abstract: A device for dispersing in the atmosphere a residual gas, especially a residual gas containing gaseous hydrocarbons, comprises an open ended mixing conduit having two end sections, at least one injection nozzle assembly each of which comprises at least one nozzle opening into an injection zone defined in the vicinity of at least one of the mixing conduit end sections. Each nozzle of each assembly is connected to a conduit which is connected, in turn, to a common source of pressurized residual gas, and the nozzles of the various assemblies are distributed in the injection zone, and constructed in such a manner that the ratio of the square root of the passage section of said mixing conduit to the square root of the sum of the passage sections of said nozzles of the various assemblies is comprised between 35 and 300.

Abstract: A miniature volumetric pump for determining the thermodynamic characteristics of oil effluents comprising a hollow cylinder and a piston moving in a straight line relative to the cylinder. The pump is characterized in that the piston is stationary and secured to the pump frame and in that the cylinder can move in a straight line with respect to the frame and is adapted to receive the piston in sealing-tight manner in its bore, the pump comprising a screen device for moving the cylinder.

Abstract: A closed receptacle has a wall defining an internal space in which the sampling cell is fixed in a stable position, and an external wall into which opens, through an aperture, a connecting conduit connected to the internal space. The receptacle has a removable seal which seals the periphery of the aperture. The apparatus includes a removable means for testing the receptacle, which defines together with the external wall of the receptacle, a sealed zone surrounding the connecting conduit and which communicates with pressure measuring means. The removable testing means includes a key for loosening and tightening the removable seal to permit testing the receptacle for sample leakage without loss of the contents of the receptacle.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for cathodic protection of a metal structure in the sea by sacrificial anodes. The apparatus has at least one anode of a first type for which the current flow is greater than 10 Amperes/meter.sup.2, with potentials on the order of -900 mV/ECS and has at least one anode of a second type for which the current flow is less than 6 Amperes/meter.sup.2, with potentials in the order of -900 mV/ECS, the absolute values of the decomposition potential under load of the anodes of the first and of the second type being greater (more negative) than the absolute value of the potential of the protected structure. Such a system can assure the protection of a metal structure in the sea for several dozen years.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method of measuring the ratio .gamma. of the specific heats of a fluid at a given constant pressure C.sub.P and a constant volume C.sub.V corresponding to a given temperature T.sub.o and a given pressure P.sub.o. This method comprises the steps of adiabatically compressing a predetermined mass of the fluid to be examined, detecting the maximum pressure value P.sub.S, measuring said maximum pressure value, measuring the stabilization pressure P.sub.T and computing the specific heat ratio according to the equation:.gamma.=(P.sub.S -P.sub.o)/(P.sub.T -P.sub.o) .

Abstract: Device for destroying foam, and especially the foam of drilling fluids, comprises a container provided with an inlet for gas under pressure, an inlet for foam, an outlet for separated liquids and an outlet for separated gas, and within which the gas under pressure is confined within a divergent conical first space having its smaller end at the inlet for pressurized gas, said conical space and the part of the internal surface of the container outside this member bounding a geometrically closed second space and in which the inlet for foam enters said container through that portion of the container wall which bounds said geometrically closed space.

Abstract: Improved device for dispersing into the atmosphere exhaust gases in the form of mixtures having a controlled composition. The device, consisting of a mixing duct provided with an axial injector extending from a supply tube for gas under high pressure, the ratio of the square roots of the areas of the sections of the duct and the injector lying between 30 and 300, is characterized in that it comprises, positioned on the supply tube of the injector, a control mechanism delivering to the injector a flow of gas under a pressure intermediate between the high initial supply pressure and the pressure prevailing in the mixing duct, the control mechanism being provided with means for fixing the maximum value of the pressure at which the gas is delivered to the injector. This improvement in devices for dispersing exhaust gases renders them more efficient when they are used to purge or evacuate the chamber which is not being supplied.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of analysis by liquid-phase chromatography with programmed elution gradient.According to this method, two chromatography columns, of at least approximately similar porous volume and permeability, are each fed with a mixture of two solvents, in such a way that at any point in time the concentration of one of the solvents at the inlet to the first column is the same as the concentration of the other solvent at the inlet to the second column; the substance for analysis is injected into the inlet of one of the two columns; and the fluids leaving both columns are added to each other to form a mixture for analysis in a concentration detector.The main purpose of the method is to ensure better analysis of petroleum cuts.