Abstract: A method for making a nuclear fuel channel is disclosed having a high degree of dimensional accuracy which uses the thermal expansion of a mandrel to precisely size the channel. An assembly of the mandrel and a channel preform is pulled through a die to die sink the preform into substantial surface-to-surface contact with the mandrel prior to the heating step.

Abstract: There is provided a nuclear fuel element having a zirconium alloy cladding tube with improved corrosion resistance. The cladding tube comprises a metallurgical gradient across the width of the tube wall wherein the tube has a more corrosion-resistant metallurgical condition at the outer circumference and a less corrosion-resistant metallurgical condition at the inner circumference. The metallurgical gradient can be generated by heating an outer circumferential portion of the tube to the high alpha or mixed alpha plus beta range while maintaining the inner surface at a lower temperature, followed by cooling of the tube.

Abstract: A method of controlling the bowing action of fuel channels used in nuclear reactor cores is disclosed. Each channel is heat treated and mounted in its control rod module with an orientation dependent on its prior heat treatment. Upon exposure to radiation, the channels will bow in a desired direction away from the control rod.

Abstract: A method of converting steam pressure from a boiler into a constant pressure hydraulic fluid working media and system for efficiently utilizing the hydraulically stored energy in a land vehicle or the like. A reciprocating steam piston actuates one or more hydraulic pistons in cylinders without going through a crankshaft or other rotating parts. A means of recuperating kinetic energy from a decelerating vehicle and storing it as pressurized working fluid is provided.