Abstract: Lithium recovery processes are described using concentration and conversion techniques. A vaporizer or membrane can be used to concentrate lithium and precipitate impurities. A conversion process can be used to replace anions in lithium bearing streams by adding a second anion and precipitating lithium in a salt with the second anion. Rotary separation can be used to separate the precipitated lithium salt.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: A metal-organic framework (MOF) may include a body including a MOF crystal having a composition selected to selectively extract one or more elements of interest from an aqueous solution. The MOF may include a plurality of MOF crystals bound by a bonding agent.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from aqueous sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an aqueous lithium source using an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; routing the lithium intermediate to a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and adjusting parameters of the ion withdrawal extraction stage to target a ratio of lithium ions to impurity ions in the lithium intermediate.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: Lithium recovery processes are described using vaporization and conversion techniques. A vaporizer can be used to concentrate lithium and precipitate impurities. A conversion process can be used to replace anions in lithium bearing streams by adding a second anion and precipitating lithium in a salt with the second anion. Rotary separation can be used to separate the precipitated lithium salt.

Abstract: Methods of treating an aqueous source are described herein that include reducing a concentration of sulfide species in a stream obtained from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream obtained from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. Other methods describe treating an aqueous source by reducing a concentration of organic species in a stream derived from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream derived from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. The aqueous source can be an aqueous lithium source.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally provides water electrolysis systems and methods. The systems include a first electrode set with a first bipolar plate electrically coupled to a power source. A first electrode is disposed adjacent to the first bipolar plate and in electrical contact with the first bipolar plate. The first electrode is disposed adjacent to a first side of a diaphragm. The systems include a second electrode set with a second bipolar plate and a second electrode. The second electrode is disposed adjacent to a second side of the diaphragm that is opposite the first side. A first electromagnetic conductive loop is embedded within the first electrode set. The first electromagnetic conductive loop is oriented horizontally along a vertical stand electrode plane. The Lorentz force associated with the generated electromagnetic field and the electric field of water electrolysis facilitates gas bubble expulsion from the electrolyzer system, thereby improving electrolysis efficiency.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include concentrating a dilute aqueous lithium source to yield an extraction feed having an extraction lithium concentration; extracting lithium from the extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate; concentrating a stream obtained from the lithium intermediate in a concentration stage to yield a lithium concentrate; and converting lithium in the lithium concentrate to lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: Methods of treating an aqueous source are described herein that include reducing a concentration of sulfide species in a stream obtained from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream obtained from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. Other methods describe treating an aqueous source by reducing a concentration of organic species in a stream derived from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream derived from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. The aqueous source can be an aqueous lithium source.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: Systems and methods presented herein enable coordinated pumping operations. An example system may include a treatment fluid system configured to pump a treatment fluid into a wellbore, a pump-down system configured to pump a pump-down fluid into the wellbore to convey a perforating tool, a fluid valve system configured to selectively fluidly connect and disconnect the treatment fluid system and the pump-down system to and from the wellbore, and a controller communicatively connected to the treatment fluid system, the pump-down system, and the fluid valve system. The controller may be configured to monitor operational status of the treatment fluid system, the pump-down system, and the fluid valve system, and control operations of the treatment fluid system, the pump-down system, and the fluid valve system based at least in part on the operational status of the treatment fluid system, the pump-down system, and the fluid valve system.

Abstract: Lithium recovery processes are described using concentration and conversion techniques. A vaporizer or membrane can be used to concentrate lithium and precipitate impurities. A conversion process can be used to replace anions in lithium bearing streams by adding a second anion and precipitating lithium in a salt with the second anion. Rotary separation can be used to separate the precipitated lithium salt.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: A metal-organic framework (MOF) may include a body including a MOF crystal having a composition selected to selectively extract one or more elements of interest from an aqueous solution. The MOF may include a plurality of MOF crystals bound by a bonding agent.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of recovering lithium from dilute lithium sources. The methods include extracting lithium from an extraction feed using direct lithium extraction in an extraction stage to yield a lithium intermediate, performing one or more concentration operations, each concentration operation concentrating an input stream to yield an output feed, wherein the input stream is obtained from the lithium intermediate and/or the extraction feed is obtained from the output feed. At least one of the concentration operations includes a membrane separation operation having a plurality of reactors in series each having a semi-permeable membrane, such as a counter-flow reverse osmosis operation. Methods may also include generating a low TDS stream as a permeate from any of the one or more concentration operations, wherein the low TDS stream is recycled or used as fresh water.

Abstract: A system can include one or more processors; memory; a data interface that receives data; a control interface that transmits control signals for control of pumps of a hydraulic fracturing operation; and one or more components that can include one or more of a modeling component that predicts pressure in a well fluidly coupled to at least one of the pumps, a pumping rate adjustment component that generates a pumping rate control signal for transmission via the control interface, a capacity component that estimates a real-time pumping capacity for each individual pump, and a control component that, for a target pumping rate for the pumps during the hydraulic fracturing operation, generates at least one of engine throttle and transmission gear settings for each of the individual pumps using an estimated real-time pumping capacity for each individual pump where the settings are transmissible via the control interface.