Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for determining viability and/or a cell counts of biological cells in a cell suspension culture using collimated transmission. Devices can include an illumination source for generating an electromagnetic illumination beam; beam manipulation means for collimating the illumination beam; and a detection unit for detecting an electromagnetic transmission beam being a portion of the collimated illumination beam which has been transmitted through a sample of the cell suspension culture.

Abstract: A method for measuring temperature includes emitting light with an illumination spectrum into a tissue with at least one illumination, receiving the remission of light with a remission spectrum from the tissue using at least one detector, converting the remission spectrum into a detector signal, sending the detector signal to a calculating unit, calculating a first theoretical remission spectrum based on a solution for describing the propagation of light in the tissue with the calculating unit, assuming estimated volume fractions of the individual tissue components, adapting the theoretical remission spectrum to the measured remission spectrum, and calculating at least one volume fraction of a tissue component from the remissions spectrum using a minimization algorithm, which is used by the calculating unit to adapt the theoretical remission spectrum to the measured remission spectrum using variations in the volume fractions of the individual tissue components which are present in the tissue.