Abstract: Provided herein is a method of producing a protein comprising a target-specific extravesicular domain (TED) of an extracellular vesicle (EV) surface protein comprising modifying a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the extravesicular domain (ED) of an EV surface protein by a mutagenesis method within at least one modified region within the ED amino acid sequence with a length of 3-20 contiguous amino acids flanked by regions of the wild-type ED sequence at its N-terminus and C-terminus, to incorporate a target binding site within the ED, thereby producing a repertoire of polynucleotides encoding a variety of TEDs, each comprising a different target binding site, and selecting a TED specifically recognizing a predetermined target, and producing the protein comprising the selected TED.

Abstract: A specific antigen-binding member (ABM) comprising a specific antigen-binding moiety and an antibody Fc region comprising a CH2 domain, which is engineered for a cysteine substitution at position 108 and/or 113, wherein numbering is according to the IMGT, and wherein the antibody Fc region does not comprise an antigen-binding CH3 domain; and an ABM conjugate (ABMC) comprising the ABM and at least one heterologous molecule covalently conjugated to one or both of the cysteines at positions 108 and 113 of the CH2 domain.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of producing a protein comprising a target-specific extravesicular domain (TED) of an extracellular vesicle (EV) surface protein comprising modifying a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the extravesicular domain (ED) of an EV surface protein by a mutagenesis method within at least one modified region within the ED amino acid sequence with a length of 3-20 contiguous amino acids flanked by regions of the wild-type ED sequence at its N-terminus and C-terminus, to incorporate a target binding site within the ED, thereby producing a repertoire of polynucleotides encoding a variety of TEDs, each comprising a different target binding site, and selecting a TED specifically recognizing a predetermined target, and producing the protein comprising the selected TED.

Abstract: The invention provides for a domain-exchanged antibody comprising a light chain (LC) composed of VL-CH3, and a heavy chain (HC) comprising VH-CH3-CH2-CH3, wherein the VL-CH3 of the LC is dimerising with the VH-CH3 of the HC thereby forming a domain-exchanged LC/HC dimer comprising a CH3LC/CH3HC domain pair, and means and method for producing the same.

Abstract: A specific antigen-binding member (ABM) comprising a specific antigen-binding moiety and an antibody Fc region comprising a CH2 domain, which is engineered for a cysteine substitution at position 108 and/or 113, wherein numbering is according to the IMGT, and wherein the antibody Fc region does not comprise an antigen-binding CH3 domain; and an ABM conjugate (ABMC) comprising the ABM and at least one heterologous molecule covalently conjugated to one or both of the cysteines at positions 108 and 113 of the CH2 domain.

Abstract: An antigen-binding molecule (ABM) comprising a cognate LC/HC dimer of an antibody light chain (LC) composed of a VL and a CL antibody domain, associated to an antibody heavy chain (HC) comprising at least a VH and a CH1 antibody domain, which association is through pairing the VL and VH domains and the CL and CH domains, wherein the amino acids at the position 18 in the CL domain and at the position 26 in the CH1 domain are of opposite polarity, wherein numbering is according to the IMGT.

Abstract: The invention provides for a domain-exchanged antibody comprising a light chain (LC) composed of VL-CH3, and a heavy chain (HC) comprising VH-CH3-CH2-CH3, wherein the VL-CH3 of the LC is dimerising with the VH-CH3 of the HC thereby forming a domain-exchanged LC/HC dimer comprising a CH3LC/CH3HC domain pair, and means and method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for engineering a T-cell receptor domain polypeptide comprising at least one modification in a structural loop region of the T-cell receptor domain polypeptide and determining the binding of the T-cell receptor domain polypeptide to an epitope of an antigen, wherein the unmodified T-cell receptor domain polypeptide does not significantly bind to the epitope. The present invention also covers modified T cell receptor domain polypeptides, their use and libraries containing the modified T cell receptor domain polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention refers to a multidomain modular antibody comprising at least one constant antibody domain, which is mutated to form an artificial disulfide bridge by introducing at least one Cys residue into the amino acid sequence through mutagenesis of said constant domain to obtain an intra-domain or inter-domain disulfide bridge within the framework region, libraries based on such antibodies and methods of producing.

Abstract: A method of engineering immunoglobulins which each have one or more amino acid modifications in at least one structural loop region of such immunoglobulins, where the modified loop region specifically binds to an epitope of an antigen to which an un-modified immunoglobulin does not significantly bind.

Abstract: Libraries of immunoglobulins which each have one or more amino acid modifications in at least one structural loop region of such immunoglobulins, where the modified loop region specifically binds to an epitope of an antigen to which an unmodified immunoglobulin does not significantly bind.

Abstract: Immunoglobulins which each have one or more amino acid modifications in at least one structural loop region of such immunoglobulins, where the modified loop region specifically binds to an epitope of an antigen to which an unmodified immunoglobulin does not significantly bind, obtained from display libraries.

Abstract: Method for engineering an immunoglobulin comprising at least one modification in a structural loop region of said immunoglobulin and determining the binding of said immunoglobulin to an epitope of an antigen, wherein the unmodified immunoglobulin does not significantly bind to said epitope, comprising the steps of:—providing a nucleic acid encoding an immunoglobulin comprising at least one structural loop region,—modifying at least one nucleotide residue of at least one of said structural loop regions,—transferring said modified nucleic acid in an expression system,—expressing said modified immunoglobulin,—contacting the expressed modified immunoglobulin with an epitope, and—determining whether said modified immunoglobulin binds to said epitope, as well as modified immunoglobulins.