Abstract: A method for activating a gas, wherein an electrically conductive aeromaterial having a pore space comprising the gas is electrically contacted and at least one electric current, which varies over time, flows through the aeromaterial, wherein the aeromaterial exhales gas from the pore space when the electrical power consumption is increased and inhales gas from the surroundings of the aeromaterial when the power consumption is decreased, and wherein a temporally pulsed current having predefined pulse power levels, pulse durations and pulse spacings is fed through the aeromaterial and the temperature of the aeromaterial is changed by the time-varying current by 100° C. or more within one second or less. The invention also relates to an electrothermal gas actuator and to uses of a gas actuator.

Abstract: A method for activating a gas, wherein an electrically conductive aeromaterial having a pore space comprising the gas is electrically contacted and at least one electric current, which varies over time, flows through the aeromaterial, wherein the aeromaterial exhales gas from the pore space when the electrical power consumption is increased and inhales gas from the surroundings of the aeromaterial when the power consumption is decreased, and wherein a temporally pulsed current having predefined pulse power levels, pulse durations and pulse spacings is fed through the aeromaterial and the temperature of the aeromaterial is changed by the time-varying current by 100° C. or more within one second or less. The invention also relates to an electrothermal gas actuator and to uses of a gas actuator.

Abstract: In order to use the mass spectrometrical analysis at the same time to determine the structure and/or families and/or the chemical properties of a substance, free of subjective evaluation, in the shortest amount of time, in an automatable fashion and with high accuracy, without requiring identical fragmentation patterns and/or defined comparison or identification rules, according to the invention a fragmentation graph is formed from one or more mass spectrometrical fragmentation spectra of the substance, the data of the graph being compared to reference data preferably stored in an electronic database. The invention is used in particular in biological, pharmaceutical and chemical applications for determining the structure and/or the family and/or the chemical properties of unknown substances.

Abstract: In order to use the mass spectrometrical analysis at the same time to determine the structure and/or families and/or the chemical properties of a substance, free of subjective evaluation, in the shortest amount of time, in an automatable fashion and with high accuracy, without requiring identical fragmentation patterns and/or defined comparison or identification rules, according to the invention a fragmentation graph is formed from one or more mass spectrometrical fragmentation spectra of to the substance, the data of the graph being compared to reference data preferably stored in an electronic database. The invention is used in particular in biological, pharmaceutical and chemical applications for determining the structure and/or the family and/or the chemical properties of unknown substances.