Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for engineering a metal substrate surface via a dry chemical deposition technique. Also described herein are the resulting surface engineered metal substrates. More particularly, disclosed are surface engineered metal substrates having thin films deposited via flame pyrolysis of a mixture of a gas mixture comprising an oxidizer and a combustible gas, a chemical precursor comprising a silicon-containing compound and/or a phosphorus-containing compound, and a chemical additive.

Abstract: A coating process is described that coats a coil-to-coil continuous substrate with a graphene-like coating. The coating process includes cleaning and activating a substrate, applying a graphene oxide dispersion to the substrate, drying the coated sub-strate, and exposing the dried coating to VUV radiation under a dry atmosphere. The atmosphere for the last step includes one or more inert gases and optionally one or more reactive gases to repair defects in the coating and/or to functionalize the coating. This coating process allows for the formation of a polygranular graphene-like coating intimately in contact with the substrate. The graphene-like coating coats the substrate with multiple monolayers of graphene in a continuous manner.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing plant material include disposing plant material in a sub-atmospheric pressure environment, dispersing a non-toxic, non-polymerizable gas into the sub-atmospheric pressure environment, applying an electric field to change the gas into cold plasma, and maintaining exposure of the plant material to the cold plasma until substantially sterilized plant material is obtained, wherein an amount of at least one active constituent in the plant material is substantially unchanged by the sterilizing.

Abstract: A coating process is described that coats a coil-to-coil continuous substrate with a graphene-like coating. The coating process includes cleaning and activating a substrate, applying a graphene oxide dispersion to the substrate, drying the coated sub-strate, and exposing the dried coating to VUV radiation under a dry atmosphere. The atmosphere for the last step includes one or more inert gases and optionally one or more reactive gases to repair defects in the coating and/or to functionalize the coating. This coating process allows for the formation of a polygranular graphene-like coating intimately in contact with the substrate. The graphene-like coating coats the substrate with multiple monolayers of graphene in a continuous manner.

Abstract: A coating process is described that coats a coil-to-coil continuous substrate with a graphene-like coating. The coating process includes cleaning and activating a substrate, applying a graphene oxide dispersion to the substrate, drying the coated substrate, and exposing the dried coating to VUV radiation under a dry atmosphere. The atmosphere for the last step includes one or more inert gases and optionally one or more reactive gases to repair defects in the coating and/or to functionalize the coating. This coating process allows for the formation of a polygranular graphene-like coating intimately in contact with the substrate. The graphene-like coating coats the substrate with multiple monolayers of graphene in a continuous manner.